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harsh justice

  • 1 harsh

    adjective
    1) rau [Gewebe, Oberfläche, Gegend, Land, Klima]; schrill [Ton, Stimme]; grell [Licht, Farbe]; hart [Bedingungen]
    2) (excessively severe) [sehr] hart; [äußerst] streng [Richter, Disziplin]; rücksichtslos [Tyrann, Herrscher, Politik]

    don't be harsh on him — sei nicht zu streng mit ihm

    * * *
    1) ((of people, discipline etc) very strict; cruel: That is a very harsh punishment to give a young child.) hart
    2) (rough and unpleasant to hear, see, taste etc: a harsh voice; harsh colours.) rauh,grell
    •
    - academic.ru/87705/harshly">harshly
    - harshness
    * * *
    [hɑ:ʃ, AM hɑ:rʃ]
    1. (rough) rau
    \harsh terrain unwirtliches Gelände
    \harsh winter strenger [o harter] Winter
    2. (disagreeable) colours, light grell; fabric kratzig; sound schrill; scream gellend
    \harsh voice raue Stimme
    3. (rigorous) hart, streng; (critical) scharf
    \harsh criticism/words scharfe Kritik/Worte
    \harsh education strenge Erziehung
    the \harsh reality die harte Realität
    \harsh reprisal gnadenlose Vergeltungsmaßnahme
    \harsh sentence harte Strafe
    ▪ to be \harsh on sb jdn hart anfassen, streng mit jdm sein
    4. (sharp) scharf
    \harsh contrast scharfer Kontrast
    5. (brusque) tone of voice barsch, schroff
    * * *
    [hAːʃ]
    adj (+er)
    1) (= inclement) winter hart, streng; weather, climate, environment rau, unwirtlich; conditions hart
    2) (= severe) words, remarks, criticism scharf; verdict, sentence, punishment, treatment hart; discipline streng
    3) (= abrasive, grating) sound, voice rau, kratzig; breathing rasselnd; cleaner, detergent scharf; wool, fabric rau; taste, wine, whisky herb; light, glare, colours grell

    the harsh glare of the sun —

    4) (= unpleasant, unwelcome) reality, facts, truth bitter
    * * *
    harsh [hɑː(r)ʃ] adj (adv harshly)
    1. allg hart:
    a) rau (Stoff etc)
    b) rau, scharf (Stimme)
    c) grell (Farbe etc)
    d) barsch, grob, schroff:
    harsh manner schroffe oder barsche Art
    e) streng (Disziplin etc):
    a harsh decision SPORT eine harte Entscheidung;
    harsh words harte Worte
    2. herb, scharf, sauer (Geschmack)
    * * *
    adjective
    1) rau [Gewebe, Oberfläche, Gegend, Land, Klima]; schrill [Ton, Stimme]; grell [Licht, Farbe]; hart [Bedingungen]
    2) (excessively severe) [sehr] hart; [äußerst] streng [Richter, Disziplin]; rücksichtslos [Tyrann, Herrscher, Politik]
    * * *
    adj.
    herb adj.
    rau adj.
    rauh (alt.Rechtschreibung) adj.
    unglimpflich adj.

    English-german dictionary > harsh

  • 2 πέλεκυς

    πέλεκῠς, εως, [dialect] Ion. εος (not
    A

    πελέκυος Hdn.

     Gr.2.707), ὁ, acc.

    πέλεκυν Od.5.234

    , etc.: dat. pl. πελέκεσι, [dialect] Ep.

    πελέκεσσι Il. 13.391

     :—two-edged axe for felling trees, opp. ἡμιπέλεκκον (q.v.),

    π... χάλκεος, ἀμφοτέρωθεν ἀκαχμένος Od.5.234

     ;

    ὑλοτόμους πελέκεας Il.23.114

     ;

    ἐξέταμον πελέκεσσι νεήκεσι 13.391

    , cf. Pi. O.7.36, P.4.263, E.Fr.472.6 (anap.) ;

    π. ξυλοκό πος X. Cyr.6.2.36

    , etc.
    2 battle-axe,

    πελέκεσσι καὶ ἀξίνῃσι μάχοντο Il.15.711

     ;

    οὐ δόρασι μάχεσθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ πελέκεσι Hdt.7.135

     ;

    πελέκεως δίστομος γένυς E. Fr.530.5

     ; sacrificial axe, Il.17.520, Od.3.442 ; executioner's axe, Trag.Adesp.412 ; Τενέδιος π., prov. of impartial and over-harsh justice, Arist. Fr. 593 ; or of summary justice by 'cutting the knot', from the story of Tennes, St.Byz. s.v. Τένεδος (also ὁ Τέννου π. Conon 28) ; τοὺς π. ἀπέλυσε τῶν ῥάβδων took the axes from the fasces of the lictors, Plu. Publ.10, cf. Plb.6.53.8.
    3 as an image of perseverance,

    κραδίη π. ὣς.. ἀτειρής Il.3.60

    .
    4 "ἀσκός, π." in a child's game, Thphr. Char.5.5.
    5 nickname in Com.Adesp.824 ; cf. πρίων.
    6 coin in Cyprus, prob. in Inscr.Cypr. 135.26 H. ; cf. πέλεκυ.
    II a geometrical figure, like the head of a double axe, title of AP15.22 (Simm.). (Cf. Skt. paraśús ; loanword from Bab. pila[kudot ][kudot ], Sumer. balag 'axe'.) [The [pron. full] ῠ of nom. and acc. sg. is in Hom. sts. lengthd., Il.3.60, 17.520 : acc. pl. πελέκεας is in Hom. always trisyll., ?πέλεκυςX ?πέλεκυςX ¯.]

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πέλεκυς

  • 3 rough

    I 1. [rʌf]
    1) (not smooth) [skin, material, rock] ruvido; [ surface] scabro; [ terrain] ineguale; [ landscape] selvaggio
    2) (brutal) [ person] rude, sgarbato; [ behaviour] rude, brusco; [ sport] violento, duro; [ area] pericoloso

    to be rough with sb. — trattare qcn. duramente

    3) (approximate) [description, map] sommario; [figure, estimate, cost] approssimativo

    to give sb. a rough ride — rendere la vita difficile a qcn

    5) (crude) [person, manner] grossolano, rozzo, rude
    6) (harsh) [ voice] roco, rauco; [taste, wine] aspro
    7) (stormy) [ sea] agitato, grosso, mosso; [ crossing] tempestoso; [ weather] burrascoso; (in plane) [ landing] movimentato
    8) colloq. (unwell)
    2.
    2) (violently) [ play] in modo pesante
    3.
    nome (draft) brutta f. (copia)
    II [rʌf]
    * * *
    1. adjective
    1) (not smooth: Her skin felt rough.) ruvido
    2) (uneven: a rough path.) accidentato
    3) (harsh; unpleasant: a rough voice; She's had a rough time since her husband died.) rude; difficile
    4) (noisy and violent: rough behaviour.) sgarbato
    5) (stormy: The sea was rough; rough weather.) tempestoso
    6) (not complete or exact; approximate: a rough drawing; a rough idea/estimate.) approssimativo
    2. noun
    1) (a violent bully: a gang of roughs.) teppista
    2) (uneven or uncultivated ground on a golf course: I lost my ball in the rough.) (terreno accidentato)
    •
    - roughness
    - roughage
    - roughen
    - rough diamond
    - rough-and-ready
    - rough-and-tumble
    - rough it
    - rough out
    * * *
    I 1. [rʌf]
    1) (not smooth) [skin, material, rock] ruvido; [ surface] scabro; [ terrain] ineguale; [ landscape] selvaggio
    2) (brutal) [ person] rude, sgarbato; [ behaviour] rude, brusco; [ sport] violento, duro; [ area] pericoloso

    to be rough with sb. — trattare qcn. duramente

    3) (approximate) [description, map] sommario; [figure, estimate, cost] approssimativo

    to give sb. a rough ride — rendere la vita difficile a qcn

    5) (crude) [person, manner] grossolano, rozzo, rude
    6) (harsh) [ voice] roco, rauco; [taste, wine] aspro
    7) (stormy) [ sea] agitato, grosso, mosso; [ crossing] tempestoso; [ weather] burrascoso; (in plane) [ landing] movimentato
    8) colloq. (unwell)
    2.
    2) (violently) [ play] in modo pesante
    3.
    nome (draft) brutta f. (copia)
    II [rʌf]

    English-Italian dictionary > rough

  • 4 rough

    1. adjective
    1) (not smooth: Her skin felt rough.) áspero
    2) (uneven: a rough path.) accidentado
    3) (harsh; unpleasant: a rough voice; She's had a rough time since her husband died.) duro; brusco
    4) (noisy and violent: rough behaviour.) rudo; bruto; violento
    5) (stormy: The sea was rough; rough weather.) turbulento; embravecido
    6) (not complete or exact; approximate: a rough drawing; a rough idea/estimate.) aproximativo, esbozado

    2. noun
    1) (a violent bully: a gang of roughs.) bruto, gamberro
    2) (uneven or uncultivated ground on a golf course: I lost my ball in the rough.) rough
    •
    - roughness
    - roughage
    - roughen
    - rough diamond
    - rough-and-ready
    - rough-and-tumble
    - rough it
    - rough out
    rough adj
    1. áspero
    2. desigual
    3. brusco / bruto / violento
    4. agitado
    5. aproximado
    tr[rʌf]
    1 (not smooth) áspero,-a, basto,-a
    2 (road) lleno,-a de baches
    3 (edge) desigual
    4 (terrain) escabroso,-a
    5 (sea) agitado,-a
    6 (weather) tempestuoso,-a
    7 (wine) áspero,-a
    8 (rude) rudo,-a
    9 (violent) violento,-a; (dangerous) peligroso,-a
    10 (approximate) aproximado,-a
    11 familiar (bad) fatal
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to play rough jugar duro
    to rough it vivir sin comodidades
    to sleep rough dormir al raso
    to take the rough with the smooth estar a las duras y a las maduras
    rough diamond diamante nombre masculino en bruto
    rough ['rʌf] vt
    1) roughen: poner áspero
    2)
    to rough out sketch: esbozar, bosquejar
    3)
    to rough up beat: darle una paliza (a alguien)
    4)
    to rough it : vivir sin comodidades
    rough adj
    1) coarse: áspero, basto
    2) uneven: desigual, escabroso, accidentado (dícese del terreno)
    3) : agitado (dícese del mar), tempestuoso (dícese del tiempo), violento (dícese del viento)
    4) violent: violento, brutal
    a rough neighborhood: un barrio peligroso
    5) difficult: duro, difícil
    6) crude: rudo, tosco, burdo
    a rough cottage: una casita tosca
    a rough draft: un borrador
    a rough sketch: un bosquejo
    7) approximate: aproximado
    a rough idea: una idea aproximada
    1)
    the rough : el rough (en golf)
    2)
    in the rough : en borrador
    adj.
    • accidentado, -a (Terreno) adj.
    • alpestre adj.
    • bruto, -a adj.
    • cerrero, -a adj.
    • cerril adj.
    • desabrido, -a adj.
    • desapacible adj.
    • desparejo, -a adj.
    • duro, -a adj.
    • encrespado, -a adj.
    • escabroso, -a adj.
    • fiero, -a adj.
    • fragoso, -a adj.
    • quebrado, -a adj.
    • rústico, -a adj.
    • tosco, -a adj.
    • zafio, -a adj.
    • áspero, -a adj.
    n.
    • cabecilla s.f.
    • terreno ó superficie áspera s.m.
    • vericueto s.m.
    v.
    • tratar asperamente v.

    I rʌf
    adjective -er, -est
    1)
    a) ( not smooth) <surface/texture/skin> áspero, rugoso; < cloth> basto; < hands> áspero, basto

    to take the rough with the smooth — estar* a las duras y a las maduras

    b) ( uneven) <ground/road> desigual, lleno de baches; < terrain> agreste, escabroso
    c) < sea> agitado, picado, encrespado; < weather> tempestuoso, tormentoso
    d) <sound/voice> áspero, ronco
    2) (colloq)
    a) (unpleasant, hard) < life> duro

    to be rough ON somebody — ser* duro con alguien

    b) ( ill)

    I feel a bit rough — no estoy muy bien, me siento bastante mal

    3) ( not gentle) <child/game> brusco; < neighborhood> peligroso

    rough stuff — (colloq) violencia f

    4)
    a) (crude, unpolished) tosco, rudo
    b) ( approximate) aproximado

    can you give me a rough idea how much it'll cost? — ¿me puede dar más o menos una idea de lo que costará?

    it would take six months, at a rough guess — calculo que llevaría unos seis meses más o menos or aproximadamente


    II
    b) ( violently)

    if he won't agree, they'll play it rough — si no acepta, se van a poner duros

    to cut up rough — (colloq) ponerse* hecho una fiera (fam)


    III
    1) ( in golf)
    2) ( draft) borrador m

    IV

    to rough it — (colloq) pasar sin comodidades

    Phrasal Verbs:
    [rʌf]
    1. ADJ
    (compar rougher) (superl roughest)
    1) (=coarse) [surface, texture] áspero, rugoso; [skin] áspero; [cloth] basto; [hand] calloso
    - give sb the rough edge or side of one's tongue
    2) (=uneven) [terrain] accidentado, escabroso; [road] desigual, lleno de baches; [track, ground] desigual; [edge] irregular
    3) (=harsh, unpleasant) [voice, sound] ronco; [wine] áspero; [life] difícil, duro; [climate, winter] duro, severo
    4) (=not gentle) [behaviour, person, voice, manner] brusco; [words, tone] severo, áspero; [play, sport, game] violento; [neighbourhood, area] malo, peligroso

    • he's a rough customer — es un tipo peligroso

    • to get rough — [person] ponerse bruto; [game] volverse violento

    • children's toys must be able to withstand a lot of rough handling — los juguetes de niños tienen que ser resistentes porque con frecuencia los tratan sin ningún cuidado

    • rough stuff * — violencia f

    • there were complaints of rough treatment at the hands of the police — hubo quejas de malos tratos a manos de la policía

    • to be rough with sb — ser brusco con algn

    5) (=stormy) [sea] agitado, encrespado; [wind] violento; [weather] tormentoso, tempestuoso

    • to get rough — [sea] embravecerse

    6) (=unpolished, crude) [person] tosco, rudo; [manners, speech] tosco; [shelter, table, tunic] tosco, basto; [gemstone] en bruto
    7) * (=hard, tough) duro

    things are rough now, but they will get better — las cosas están un poco difíciles ahora pero mejorarán

    • to be rough on sb — [situation] ser duro para algn; [person] ser duro con algn

    don't be so rough on him, it's not his fault — no seas tan duro con él, no es culpa suya

    • to give sb a rough ride or a rough time — hacérselo pasar mal a algn

    8) (Brit)
    * (=ill)

    "how are you?" - "a bit rough" — -¿cómo estás? -no muy bien

    • to feel rough — encontrarse mal

    • to look rough — tener muy mal aspecto or muy mala cara

    9) (=approximate) [calculation, estimate, description, outline] aproximado; [translation] hecho a grandes rasgos, aproximado

    • I would say 50 at a rough guess — diría que 50 aproximadamente

    • as a rough guide, it should take about ten minutes — llevará unos diez minutos más o menos, llevará aproximadamente diez minutos

    • can you give me a rough idea of how long it will take? — ¿puedes darme una idea aproximada or más o menos una idea de cuánto tiempo llevará?

    10) (=preparatory) [work] de preparación, preliminar

    • rough book — cuaderno m de borrador

    • rough copy, rough draft — borrador m

    • rough paper — papel m de borrador

    • rough plan, rough sketch — bosquejo m, boceto m

    2.
    ADV

    • to live rough — vivir sin las comodidades más básicas

    • to play rough — jugar duro

    • to sleep rough — dormir a la intemperie

    3. N
    1) (=person) matón m, tipo m duro
    2) (=draft) borrador m

    • we'll do it in rough first — lo haremos primero en borrador

    3)
    - take the rough with the smooth
    4) (Golf) rough m, zona f de matojos
    4.
    VT
    5.
    CPD

    rough work N — (=draft) borrador m

    * * *

    I [rʌf]
    adjective -er, -est
    1)
    a) ( not smooth) <surface/texture/skin> áspero, rugoso; < cloth> basto; < hands> áspero, basto

    to take the rough with the smooth — estar* a las duras y a las maduras

    b) ( uneven) <ground/road> desigual, lleno de baches; < terrain> agreste, escabroso
    c) < sea> agitado, picado, encrespado; < weather> tempestuoso, tormentoso
    d) <sound/voice> áspero, ronco
    2) (colloq)
    a) (unpleasant, hard) < life> duro

    to be rough ON somebody — ser* duro con alguien

    b) ( ill)

    I feel a bit rough — no estoy muy bien, me siento bastante mal

    3) ( not gentle) <child/game> brusco; < neighborhood> peligroso

    rough stuff — (colloq) violencia f

    4)
    a) (crude, unpolished) tosco, rudo
    b) ( approximate) aproximado

    can you give me a rough idea how much it'll cost? — ¿me puede dar más o menos una idea de lo que costará?

    it would take six months, at a rough guess — calculo que llevaría unos seis meses más o menos or aproximadamente


    II
    b) ( violently)

    if he won't agree, they'll play it rough — si no acepta, se van a poner duros

    to cut up rough — (colloq) ponerse* hecho una fiera (fam)


    III
    1) ( in golf)
    2) ( draft) borrador m

    IV

    to rough it — (colloq) pasar sin comodidades

    Phrasal Verbs:

    English-spanish dictionary > rough

  • 5 tratar

    v.
    1 to treat (comportarse con) (persona, objeto).
    ¿qué tal te trataron? how were you treated?
    El médico trata al paciente The doctor treats=cures the patient.
    2 to have dealings or contact with.
    la traté muy poco I didn't have much to do with her
    3 to treat (tema, asunto).
    eso lo tienes que tratar con el jefe that's something you'll have to discuss with the boss
    4 to treat.
    5 to treat (agua, sustancia, alimento).
    6 to process (computing) (datos, información).
    Ellos tratan el cuero They process the leather.
    7 to deal.
    Las empresas trataron The companies made a deal.
    8 to try, to make a trial, to attempt it, to attempt.
    Ella trató por mucho tiempo She tried for a long time.
    9 to handle, to maneuver, to manoeuvre.
    Ellos tratan sus pensamientos They handle their thoughts.
    * * *
    1 (gen - objeto) to treat, handle; (- persona) to treat
    2 (asunto, tema) to discuss, deal with
    3 (gestionar) to handle, run
    4 (dar tratamiento) to address as
    5 (calificar, considerar) to consider, call
    6 MEDICINA to treat
    7 (datos, texto) to process
    8 QUÍMICA to treat
    1 (relacionarse) to be acquainted ( con, with), know ( con, -)
    2 (tener tratos) to deal ( con, with)
    3 (negociar) to negotiate ( con, with)
    4 (intentar) to try (de, to)
    5 (versar) to be about
    ■ trata de/sobre espías it's about spies
    6 COMERCIO to deal (en, in)
    1 (relacionarse) to talk to each other, be on speaking terms
    2 (llamarse) to address each other as, call each other
    3 (referirse) to be about
    \
    se trata de... it's a question of..., it's a matter of...
    * * *
    verb
    •
    - tratar de
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ persona, animal, objeto] to treat

    hay que tratar a los animales con cariño — animals should be given plenty of affection, animals should be treated lovingly

    te dejo la cámara, pero trátala bien — I'll let you have the camera, but be careful with it o treat it carefully

    la vida la ha tratado muy bien — life has been very kind to her, life has treated her very well

    • tratar a algn de loco — to treat sb like a madman

    2) (=llamar)

    ¿cómo le tenemos que tratar cuando nos hable? — how should we address him when he speaks to us?

    • tratar a algn de algo — to call sb sth

    tratar a algn de tú/usted — to address sb as "tú"/"usted"

    3) (=relacionarse con)

    tratar a algn: ya no lo trato — I no longer have any dealings with him

    me cae bien, pero no la he tratado mucho — I like her, but I haven't had a lot to do with her

    4) (Med) [+ paciente, enfermedad] to treat

    ¿qué médico te está tratando? — which doctor is giving you treatment?

    5) [+ tejido, madera, residuos] to treat
    6) (=discutir) [+ tema] to deal with; [+ acuerdo, paz] to negotiate
    7) (Inform) to process
    2. VI
    1)

    • tratar de — [libro] to be about, deal with; [personas] to talk about, discuss

    2) (=intentar)

    • tratar de hacer algo — to try to do sth

    • tratar de que, trataré de que esta sea la última vez — I'll try to make sure that this is the last time

    3) (=relacionarse)

    • tratar con algn, trato con todo tipo de gente — I deal with all sorts of people

    4) (Com)

    • tratar con o en algo — to deal in sth

    trataban con o en pieles — they dealt in furs, they were involved in the fur trade

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) ( intentar) to try

    tratar de + inf — to try to + inf

    tratar de que + subj: trata de que queden a la misma altura try to get them level; trataré de que no vuelva a suceder — I'll try to make sure it doesn't happen again

    2) obra/libro/película

    ¿de qué trata el libro? — what's the book about?

    3) (tener contacto, relaciones)
    4) (Com)
    2.
    tratar vt
    1)
    a) <persona/animal/instrumento> (+ compl) to treat
    b) ( llamar)

    tratar a alguien de usted/tú — to address somebody using the polite usted or the more familiar tú form

    3) <tema/asunto> to deal with
    4)
    a) <paciente/enfermedad> to treat
    b) <sustancia/metal> to treat
    3.
    tratarse v pron
    1)
    a)

    tratarse con alguien — ( ser amigo de) to be friendly with somebody; ( alternar) to socialize o mix with somebody

    b) (recípr)
    2) (+ compl)
    a) (recípr)

    se tratan de usted/tú — they address each other as `usted'/`tu'

    se tratan sin ningún respeto — they have o show no respect for each other

    b) (refl) ( cuidarse)

    tratarse bien/mal — to look after oneself well/not to look after oneself

    3) (Med) to have o undergo treatment
    4) tratarse de (en 3a pers)
    a) ( ser acerca de) to be about

    ¿de qué se trata? — what's it about?

    se trata de arreglar la situación, no de discutir — we're supposed to be settling things, not arguing

    si sólo se trata de eso... — if that's all it is...

    * * *
    = address, approach, consider (as), cover, discuss, focus on/upon, get to, go into, handle, manipulate, tackle, treat, turn to, broach, give + treatment, play with, speak to, treat, pick up on, meet.
    Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado y participio met.
    Ex. The inclusion of vendors and publishers allows everyone to address sticky business relationships head-on.
    Ex. The searcher may be the end user, but the end user is approaching the search in some ignorance of his real requirements, or of the literature that might be available to meet those requirements.
    Ex. A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.
    Ex. The schedules are divided into two parts, one covering music scores and parts and the other concerned with music literature.
    Ex. This review also illustrates some of the issues which cataloguers have discussed over the years, and demonstrates other solutions to standards in cataloguing than those embodied in modern cataloguing codes.
    Ex. In a text such as this which focuses primarily upon controlled indexing languages and systems it is difficult to place natural language indexing in a appropriate context.
    Ex. 'I'll get to that, I promise! but right now I have a budget to work on!'.
    Ex. Although the description given here is quite lengthy, many points are glossed over, and the Manual goes into these and a number of others at length.
    Ex. An author's name is usually shorter than a title, and thus is arguably easier to handle and remember.
    Ex. Different stores offer access to distinct types of information or data and permit the information to be manipulated to varying extents.
    Ex. Chapter 2 tackles books, pamphlets and printed sheets, and chapter 3 is dedicated to cartographic materials.
    Ex. In troubleshooting, it is important to treat the cause as well as the symptom of the problem = En la solución de problemas, es importante tratar tanto la causa como el síntoma del problema.
    Ex. We shall turn to this distinction very shortly.
    Ex. Some of the consequences of this conclusion are broached in this article.
    Ex. Equally serious, authors are often too close to the paper to give it an objective treatment.
    Ex. In this five-day workshop we will play with the design and building of non-traditional interface solutions.
    Ex. Numerous articles in the library literature speak to this phenomenon but most deal with the experience of larger libraries.
    Ex. The author studies the factors which have impeded the spread of information on the use of thioctic acid to treat mushroom poisoning.
    Ex. The report picks up on this as a surprising finding, suggesting implicitly that open access journals are lagging behind in this regard.
    Ex. There may be a threat of over-capacity; if so, this could be met by diversification, an enlargement of the SLIS role.
    ----
    * aguas residuales sin tratar = raw sewage, raw waste water.
    * atreverse a tratar = dare to + tread.
    * como si (se tratase de) = as if.
    * continuar tratando = pursue + Nombre + further.
    * cuando se trata de + Infinitivo = when it comes to + Gerundio.
    * de qué se trata = what it's all about.
    * difícil de tratar = unruly.
    * empezar a tratar = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.
    * manera de tratar = avenue of approach.
    * no atraverse a tratar = fear to + tread.
    * ponerse a tratar + Algo = get down to + Nombre.
    * que trata de = surrounding.
    * seguir tratando = discuss + further.
    * sin tratar = untreated.
    * temer tratar = fear to + tread.
    * tratar Algo = get down to + Nombre, be under consideration.
    * tratar algo en detalle = go into + Algo + at length.
    * tratar Algo en profundidad = go into + Algo + at length.
    * tratar Algo imparcialmente = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.
    * tratar Algo justamente = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.
    * tratar Algo sin parcialismo = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.
    * tratar Algo sin rodeos = address + Nombre + head-on, meet + Nombre + head-on, tackle + Nombre + head-on, face + Nombre + head-on.
    * tratar Algo supercialmente = dabble in.
    * tratar como un objeto = objectify.
    * tratar como un personaje = lionise [lionize, -USA].
    * tratar (con) = negotiate (with).
    * tratar con bondad = kill + Nombre + with kindness, smother + Nombre + with kindness.
    * tratar con cloro = chlorinate.
    * tratar con condescendencia = patronise [patronize, -USA], condescend.
    * tratar con más detalle = discuss + in greater detail.
    * tratar con precaución = approach + with caution.
    * tratar con prudencia = treat with + caution, view with + caution.
    * tratar con respeto = treat with + respect.
    * tratar de = be about, be concerned with, deal with, take up, bear on, deal in.
    * tratar de abarcar más de lo que se puede = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.
    * tratar de ganar tiempo = temporise [temporize, -USA], play for + time.
    * tratar de igual modo = treat as + equal.
    * tratar de ligar = chat up.
    * tratar de no llamar la atención = keep + a low profile, lie + low.
    * tratar de pasar desapercibido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.
    * tratar de pasar inadvertido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.
    * tratar detalladamente = cover + in detail.
    * tratar de un modo sentimental = sentimentalise [sentimentalize, -USA].
    * tratar de un modo urgente = fast track.
    * tratar en detalle = treat + at length, discuss + at length.
    * tratar en profundidad = treat + in detail.
    * tratar específicamente = target.
    * tratar información = handle + information.
    * tratar injustamente = malign.
    * tratar justamente = treat + fairly.
    * tratar la cuestión de = get to + the issue of.
    * tratar la posibilidad de = discuss + the possibility of.
    * tratar ligeramente = skim + the surface of, touch on/upon.
    * tratar magníficamente = do + more than justice.
    * tratar mal = maltreat, manhandle.
    * tratar muy por encima = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.
    * tratar por todos los medios de = take + (great) pains to.
    * tratar por todos los medios de + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.
    * tratarse de = come down to, be a question of.
    * tratar severamente = mete out + harsh treatment.
    * tratar síntomas = treat + symptoms.
    * tratar superficialmente = gloss over, scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.
    * tratar una cuestión = address + constraint, address + issue, address + question, consider + issue, tackle + issue, address + concern, deal with + issue, broach + issue, broach + question, grapple with + issue.
    * tratar una cuestión ligeramente = touch on/upon + issue.
    * tratar un asunto = deal with + issue.
    * tratar un problema = address + problem, deal with + problem, handle + problem, tackle + problem, address + limitation, grapple with + problem, treat + problem, address + concern.
    * tratar un problema de pasada = touch on/upon + problem.
    * tratar un tema = broach + subject, broach + topic, address + theme, address + topic.
    * tratar un tema conocido = tread + familiar ground.
    * tratar un tema en detalle = go into + detail.
    * volver a tratar = revisit.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) ( intentar) to try

    tratar de + inf — to try to + inf

    tratar de que + subj: trata de que queden a la misma altura try to get them level; trataré de que no vuelva a suceder — I'll try to make sure it doesn't happen again

    2) obra/libro/película

    ¿de qué trata el libro? — what's the book about?

    3) (tener contacto, relaciones)
    4) (Com)
    2.
    tratar vt
    1)
    a) <persona/animal/instrumento> (+ compl) to treat
    b) ( llamar)

    tratar a alguien de usted/tú — to address somebody using the polite usted or the more familiar tú form

    3) <tema/asunto> to deal with
    4)
    a) <paciente/enfermedad> to treat
    b) <sustancia/metal> to treat
    3.
    tratarse v pron
    1)
    a)

    tratarse con alguien — ( ser amigo de) to be friendly with somebody; ( alternar) to socialize o mix with somebody

    b) (recípr)
    2) (+ compl)
    a) (recípr)

    se tratan de usted/tú — they address each other as `usted'/`tu'

    se tratan sin ningún respeto — they have o show no respect for each other

    b) (refl) ( cuidarse)

    tratarse bien/mal — to look after oneself well/not to look after oneself

    3) (Med) to have o undergo treatment
    4) tratarse de (en 3a pers)
    a) ( ser acerca de) to be about

    ¿de qué se trata? — what's it about?

    se trata de arreglar la situación, no de discutir — we're supposed to be settling things, not arguing

    si sólo se trata de eso... — if that's all it is...

    * * *
    tratar (con)

    Ex: Their purposes was to settle the disputes between the members, to negotiate with master, to accumulate and disburse a benevolent fund, and to exact contributions for drinks and parties.

    = address, approach, consider (as), cover, discuss, focus on/upon, get to, go into, handle, manipulate, tackle, treat, turn to, broach, give + treatment, play with, speak to, treat, pick up on, meet.
    Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado y participio met.

    Ex: The inclusion of vendors and publishers allows everyone to address sticky business relationships head-on.

    Ex: The searcher may be the end user, but the end user is approaching the search in some ignorance of his real requirements, or of the literature that might be available to meet those requirements.
    Ex: A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.
    Ex: The schedules are divided into two parts, one covering music scores and parts and the other concerned with music literature.
    Ex: This review also illustrates some of the issues which cataloguers have discussed over the years, and demonstrates other solutions to standards in cataloguing than those embodied in modern cataloguing codes.
    Ex: In a text such as this which focuses primarily upon controlled indexing languages and systems it is difficult to place natural language indexing in a appropriate context.
    Ex: 'I'll get to that, I promise! but right now I have a budget to work on!'.
    Ex: Although the description given here is quite lengthy, many points are glossed over, and the Manual goes into these and a number of others at length.
    Ex: An author's name is usually shorter than a title, and thus is arguably easier to handle and remember.
    Ex: Different stores offer access to distinct types of information or data and permit the information to be manipulated to varying extents.
    Ex: Chapter 2 tackles books, pamphlets and printed sheets, and chapter 3 is dedicated to cartographic materials.
    Ex: In troubleshooting, it is important to treat the cause as well as the symptom of the problem = En la solución de problemas, es importante tratar tanto la causa como el síntoma del problema.
    Ex: We shall turn to this distinction very shortly.
    Ex: Some of the consequences of this conclusion are broached in this article.
    Ex: Equally serious, authors are often too close to the paper to give it an objective treatment.
    Ex: In this five-day workshop we will play with the design and building of non-traditional interface solutions.
    Ex: Numerous articles in the library literature speak to this phenomenon but most deal with the experience of larger libraries.
    Ex: The author studies the factors which have impeded the spread of information on the use of thioctic acid to treat mushroom poisoning.
    Ex: The report picks up on this as a surprising finding, suggesting implicitly that open access journals are lagging behind in this regard.
    Ex: There may be a threat of over-capacity; if so, this could be met by diversification, an enlargement of the SLIS role.
    * aguas residuales sin tratar = raw sewage, raw waste water.
    * atreverse a tratar = dare to + tread.
    * como si (se tratase de) = as if.
    * continuar tratando = pursue + Nombre + further.
    * cuando se trata de + Infinitivo = when it comes to + Gerundio.
    * de qué se trata = what it's all about.
    * difícil de tratar = unruly.
    * empezar a tratar = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.
    * manera de tratar = avenue of approach.
    * no atraverse a tratar = fear to + tread.
    * ponerse a tratar + Algo = get down to + Nombre.
    * que trata de = surrounding.
    * seguir tratando = discuss + further.
    * sin tratar = untreated.
    * temer tratar = fear to + tread.
    * tratar Algo = get down to + Nombre, be under consideration.
    * tratar algo en detalle = go into + Algo + at length.
    * tratar Algo en profundidad = go into + Algo + at length.
    * tratar Algo imparcialmente = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.
    * tratar Algo justamente = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.
    * tratar Algo sin parcialismo = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.
    * tratar Algo sin rodeos = address + Nombre + head-on, meet + Nombre + head-on, tackle + Nombre + head-on, face + Nombre + head-on.
    * tratar Algo supercialmente = dabble in.
    * tratar como un objeto = objectify.
    * tratar como un personaje = lionise [lionize, -USA].
    * tratar (con) = negotiate (with).
    * tratar con bondad = kill + Nombre + with kindness, smother + Nombre + with kindness.
    * tratar con cloro = chlorinate.
    * tratar con condescendencia = patronise [patronize, -USA], condescend.
    * tratar con más detalle = discuss + in greater detail.
    * tratar con precaución = approach + with caution.
    * tratar con prudencia = treat with + caution, view with + caution.
    * tratar con respeto = treat with + respect.
    * tratar de = be about, be concerned with, deal with, take up, bear on, deal in.
    * tratar de abarcar más de lo que se puede = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.
    * tratar de ganar tiempo = temporise [temporize, -USA], play for + time.
    * tratar de igual modo = treat as + equal.
    * tratar de ligar = chat up.
    * tratar de no llamar la atención = keep + a low profile, lie + low.
    * tratar de pasar desapercibido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.
    * tratar de pasar inadvertido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.
    * tratar detalladamente = cover + in detail.
    * tratar de un modo sentimental = sentimentalise [sentimentalize, -USA].
    * tratar de un modo urgente = fast track.
    * tratar en detalle = treat + at length, discuss + at length.
    * tratar en profundidad = treat + in detail.
    * tratar específicamente = target.
    * tratar información = handle + information.
    * tratar injustamente = malign.
    * tratar justamente = treat + fairly.
    * tratar la cuestión de = get to + the issue of.
    * tratar la posibilidad de = discuss + the possibility of.
    * tratar ligeramente = skim + the surface of, touch on/upon.
    * tratar magníficamente = do + more than justice.
    * tratar mal = maltreat, manhandle.
    * tratar muy por encima = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.
    * tratar por todos los medios de = take + (great) pains to.
    * tratar por todos los medios de + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.
    * tratarse de = come down to, be a question of.
    * tratar severamente = mete out + harsh treatment.
    * tratar síntomas = treat + symptoms.
    * tratar superficialmente = gloss over, scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.
    * tratar una cuestión = address + constraint, address + issue, address + question, consider + issue, tackle + issue, address + concern, deal with + issue, broach + issue, broach + question, grapple with + issue.
    * tratar una cuestión ligeramente = touch on/upon + issue.
    * tratar un asunto = deal with + issue.
    * tratar un problema = address + problem, deal with + problem, handle + problem, tackle + problem, address + limitation, grapple with + problem, treat + problem, address + concern.
    * tratar un problema de pasada = touch on/upon + problem.
    * tratar un tema = broach + subject, broach + topic, address + theme, address + topic.
    * tratar un tema conocido = tread + familiar ground.
    * tratar un tema en detalle = go into + detail.
    * volver a tratar = revisit.

    * * *
    tratar [A1 ]
    vi
    A (intentar) to try tratar DE + INF to try to + INF
    trate de comprender try to o ( colloq) try and understand
    traten de no llegar tarde try not to be late
    tratar DE QUE + SUBJ:
    trata de que queden a la misma altura try to o ( colloq) try and get them level
    trataré de que no vuelva a suceder I'll try to make sure it doesn't happen again
    B
    «obra/libro/película»: tratar DEor SOBRE algo: ¿de qué trata el libro? what's the book about?
    la conferencia tratará sobre medicina alternativa the lecture will deal with o will be on the subject of alternative medicine, the theme of the lecture will be alternative medicine
    C (tener contacto, relaciones) tratar CON algn to deal WITH sb
    en mi trabajo trato con gente de todo tipo in my job I deal with o come into contact with all kinds of people
    tratar con él no es nada fácil he's not at all easy to get on with
    prefiero tratar directamente con el fabricante I prefer to deal directly with the manufacturer
    D ( Com) tratar EN algo to deal IN sth
    tratar en joyas/antigüedades to deal in jewels/antiques
    los mercaderes que trataban en esclavos/pieles the merchants who dealt o traded in slaves/furs
    ■ tratar
    vt
    A
    1 ‹persona/animal/instrumento› (+ compl) to treat
    me tratan muy bien/como si fuera de la familia they treat me very well/as if I were one of the family
    trata la guitarra con más cuidado be more careful with the guitar
    ¿me estás tratando de mentiroso? are you calling me a liar?
    a mi suegro nunca lo he tratado de usted I've never called my father-in-law `usted'
    B ‹persona›
    (frecuentar): lo trataba cuando era joven I saw quite a lot of him when I was young
    nunca lo he tratado I have never had any contact with him o any dealings with him
    C ‹tema/asunto›
    vamos a tratar primero los puntos de mayor urgencia let's deal with o discuss the more pressing issues first
    no sé cómo tratar esta cuestión I don't know how to deal with o handle this matter
    el libro trata la Revolución Francesa desde una óptica inusual the book looks at the French Revolution from an unusual angle
    esto no se puede tratar delante de los niños we can't discuss this in front of the children
    D
    1 ‹paciente/enfermedad› to treat
    2 ‹sustancia/metal/madera› to treat
    cultivos tratados con insectidas crops treated with insecticides
    A (relacionarse, tener contacto)
    1 tratarse CON algn:
    no me gusta la gente con la que se trata I don't like the people he mixes with
    se trata con gente de la alta sociedad she socializes o mixes with people from high society, she moves in high circles
    ¿tú te tratas con los Rucabado? are you friendly with the Rucabados?
    2 ( recípr):
    somos parientes pero no nos tratamos we're related but we never see each other o we never have anything to do with each other
    B (+ compl)
    1 ( recípr):
    se tratan de usted/tú they address each other as `usted'/`tú'
    se tratan sin ningún respeto they have o show no respect for each other
    2 ( refl) to treat oneself
    ¡qué mal te tratas, eh! ( iró); you don't treat yourself badly, do you?, you know how to look after yourself, don't you?
    C ( Med) (seguir un tratamiento) to have o undergo treatment
    1 (ser acerca de) to be about
    ¿de qué se trata? what's it about?, what does it concern? ( frml)
    se trata de Roy it's about Roy
    2
    (ser cuestión de): se trata de arreglar la situación, no de discutir we're supposed to be settling things, not arguing
    si sólo se trata de eso, hazlo pasar ahora if that's all it is o if that's all he wants, show him in now
    bueno, si se trata de echarle un vistazo nada más … OK, if it's just a question of having a quick look at it …
    3
    (ser): se trata de la estrella del equipo we're talking about o he is the star of the team
    tratándose de usted, no creo que haya inconvenientes since it's for you o in your case I don't think there will be any problems
    * * *

     

    tratar ( conjugate tratar) verbo intransitivo
    1 ( intentar) to try;

    trataré de que no vuelva a suceder I'll try to make sure it doesn't happen again
    2 [obra/libro/película] tratar de algo to be about sth;
    tratar sobre algo to deal with sth;

    3 (tener contacto, relaciones) tratar con algn to deal with sb;

    verbo transitivo
    1 ‹persona/animal/instrumento› to treat;

    2 ( frecuentar):

    3 ‹tema/asunto› to discuss, to deal with
    4
    a) (Med) to treat

    b) ‹sustancia/metal› to treat

    tratarse verbo pronominal
    1 tratarse con algn ( ser amigo de) to be friendly with sb;
    ( alternar) to socialize o mix with sb;

    2 (+ compl) ( recípr):

    3 (Med) to have o undergo treatment
    4
    ◊ tratarse de (en 3a pers)


    ◊ ¿de qué se trata? what's it about?


    ◊ se trata de participar, no de ganar it's a question of taking part, not of winning;

    solo porque se trata de ti just because it's you
    tratar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (portarse) to treat
    2 (cuidar) to look after, care: trátame el libro bien, look after my book
    3 (dirigirse a una persona) address: nos tratamos de tú, we call each other "tú" o we're on first name terms
    4 (considerar, llamar) me trató de tonto, he called me stupid
    5 (someter a un proceso) to treat
    6 (someter a tratamiento médico) to treat: le tienen que tratar la artritis, they have to treat his arthritis
    7 (tener relación social) la he tratado muy poco, I don't know her very well
    8 (considerar, discutir) to deal with: no hemos tratado la cuestión, we haven't discussed that subject
    II verbo intransitivo 1 tratar de, (un libro, una película) to be about: ¿de qué trata?, what is it about?
    2 (intentar) to try [de, to]
    3 Com tratar en, to trade in o with 4 tratar con, (negociar) to negotiate with
    ' tratar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    censurar
    - defraudar
    - delicada
    - delicado
    - drogodependencia
    - ir
    - girar
    - hablar
    - mimar
    - negociar
    - tú
    - confianza
    - curar
    - debido
    - huir
    - manera
    - miramiento
    - piel
    - punto
    - tocar
    - trato
    - usted
    English:
    about
    - address
    - associate
    - bid
    - clutch
    - deal with
    - discuss
    - form
    - grapple
    - ground
    - handle
    - light
    - lionise
    - mistreat
    - muck about
    - muck around
    - patronize
    - peer
    - push through
    - rubberize
    - specific
    - squarely
    - tactfully
    - tout
    - treat
    - try
    - try on
    - victimize
    - attempt
    - bite
    - contact
    - could
    - cover
    - deal
    - favor
    - grasp
    - process
    - profile
    - raw
    - seek
    - snub
    - tackle
    - take
    - thrash
    - untreated
    - way
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [portarse con, manejar] to treat;
    ¿qué tal te trataron? how were you treated?;
    no la trates tan mal don't be so nasty to her;
    la vida no la ha tratado bien life has not been kind to her;
    te dejo los discos, pero trátamelos bien I'll let you borrow the records, but look after them o be careful with them for me
    2. [paciente, enfermedad, herida] to treat;
    la están tratando de cáncer, le están tratando un cáncer she's being treated for cancer;
    el médico que la trata the doctor who is treating her
    3. [tener relación con] to have dealings o contact with;
    era compañera de clase pero la traté muy poco she was in my class, but I didn't have much to do with her
    4. [llamar, dirigirse a]
    tratar a alguien de usted/tú = to address sb using the “usted” form/the “tú” form;
    no hace falta que me trates de señor there's no need to call me “sir”;
    tratar a alguien de tonto to call sb an idiot
    5. [tema, asunto] to treat;
    el tema que trata la obra the subject of the book;
    hay que tratar ese asunto con cuidado this matter needs to be dealt with carefully;
    eso lo tienes que tratar con el jefe that's something you'll have to discuss with the boss
    6. [agua, sustancia, tejido, alimento] to treat
    7. Informát [datos, información] to process
    8. Bol [insultar] to insult, to swear at
    ♦ vi
    1. [intentar]
    tratar de hacer algo to try to do sth;
    trata de comprenderlo, por favor please try to understand;
    trataré de no equivocarme I'll try not to get it wrong;
    sólo trataba de que estuvieras más cómodo I was only trying to make you more comfortable
    2. [versar]
    tratar de o [m5] sobre to be about;
    ¿de qué trata el documental? what's the documentary about o on?;
    la ponencia trata sobre contaminación acústica the paper is about o on noise pollution
    3. [tener relación]
    tratar con alguien to have dealings with sb;
    en mi trabajo tengo que tratar con todo tipo de gente I have to deal with all sorts of people in my job;
    trata con gente muy rara she mixes with some very strange people;
    RP
    tratar a alguien con pinzas to handle sb with kid gloves
    4. [comerciar] to deal (en in)
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 treat
    2 ( manejar) handle
    3 ( dirigirse a) address (de as);
    tratar a alguien de tú address s.o. informally, use the tú form with s.o.;
    tratar a alguien de usted address s.o. formally, use the usted form with s.o.
    4 gente come into contact with
    5 tema deal with
    II v/i:
    1
    :
    tratar con alguien deal with s.o.
    2
    :
    tratar de ( intentar) try to
    3 COM
    :
    tratar en deal in
    * * *
    tratar vi
    1)
    tratar con : to deal with, to have contact with
    no trato mucho con los clientes: I don't have much contact with customers
    2)
    tratar de : to try to
    estoy tratando de comer: I am trying to eat
    3)
    tratar sobre : to be about, to concern
    el libro trata de las plantas: the book is about plants
    4)
    tratar en : to deal in
    trata en herramientas: he deals in tools
    tratar vt
    1) : to treat
    tratan bien a sus empleados: they treat their employees well
    2) : to handle
    trató el tema con delicadeza: he handled the subject tactfully
    * * *
    tratar vb
    1. (en general) to treat
    2. (ocuparse, tener relación) to deal with [pt. & pp. dealt]
    3. (hablar) to discuss
    4. (referirse) to be about

    Spanish-English dictionary > tratar

  • 6 rough

    rough [rʌf]
       a. ( = not smooth) [skin, cloth] rêche ; (harder) rugueux ; [track] raboteux
       b. ( = unrefined) [person, speech, manners] rude
       c. ( = difficult) (inf) [life] dur
       e. ( = violent) [person, treatment] dur
       f. [weather] gros ( grosse f) ; [sea, crossing] agité
       g. ( = approximate) [calculation, translation, estimate, description] approximatif
    • can you give me a rough idea (of) how long it will take? à votre avis, ça prendra combien de temps environ ?
    3. noun
    ( = ground) terrain m accidenté ; (Golf) rough m
    ► rough-and-ready adjective [method] rudimentaire ; [person] fruste
    * * *
    [rʌf] 1.
    1) ( in golf) rough m
    2) ( draft) brouillon m; ( sketch) ébauche f
    2.
    1) [hand, skin, material] rêche; [surface, rock] rugueux/-euse; [terrain] cahoteux/-euse; [landscape] sauvage

    to smooth (off) the rough edges — (of stone, glass) polir

    2) ( brutal) [person, behaviour, sport] brutal, violent; [area] dur
    3) ( approximate) [description, map] sommaire; [figure, idea, estimate] approximatif/-ive

    rough justice — justice f sommaire or expéditive

    4) ( difficult) dur, difficile

    to be rough on somebody — [person] être dur avec quelqu'un

    5) ( crude) grossier/-ière
    6) ( harsh) [voice, taste, wine] âpre
    7) ( stormy) [sea, crossing] agité; [weather] gros/grosse; [landing] mouvementé
    8) (colloq)
    3.
    Phrasal Verbs:
    ••

    English-French dictionary > rough

  • 7 दुर् _dur

    दुर् ind. (A prefix substituted for दुस् before words beginning with vowels or soft consonants in the sense of 'bad'. 'hard' or 'difficult to do a certain thing'; for compounds with दुस् as first member see दुस् s. v.).
    -Comp. -अक्ष a.
    1 weak-eyed.
    -2 evileyed.
    (-क्षः) 1 a loaded or false die.
    -2 dishonest gambling.
    -अक्षरम् an evil word; श्रुतिं ममाविश्य भवद्दुरक्षरं सृजत्यदः कीटकवदुत्कटा रुजः N.9.63.
    -अतिक्रम a. difficult to be overcome or conquered, unconquerable; सर्वं तु तपसा साध्यं तपो हि दुरति- क्रमम् Ms.11.2.38; स्वभावो दुरतिक्रमः 'nature cannot be changed'; स्वजातिर्दुरतिक्रमा Pt.1.
    -2 insurmountable, impassable; B. R.6.18-19.
    -3 inevitable. (
    -मः) an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -अत्यय a.
    1 difficult to be overcome; स्वर्गमार्गपरिघो दुरत्ययः R.11.88.
    -2 hard to be attained or fathomed; स एष आत्मा स्वपरेत्यबुद्धिभिर्दुरत्यया- नुक्रमणो निरूप्यते Bhāg.7.5.13.
    -अदृष्टम् ill-luck, misfortune.
    -अधिग, -अधिगम a.
    1 hard to reach or attain, unattainable; Bhāg.3.23.8; दुरधिगमः परभागो यावत्पुरुषेण पौरुषं न कृतम् Pt.1.33.
    -2 insurmountable.
    -3 hard to be studied or understood; इह दुरधिगमैः किञ्चि- देवागमैः Ki.5.18.
    -अधिष्ठित a. badly performed, managed, or executed. (
    -तम्) improper stay at a place.
    -अधीत a. badly learnt or read.
    -अध्यय a.
    1 difficult of attainment; सहस्रवर्त्मा चपलैर्दुरध्ययः Śi.12.11.
    -2 hard to be studied.
    -अध्यवसायः a foolish undertaking.
    -अध्वः a bad road; स्वयं दुरध्वार्णवनाविकाः कथं स्पृशन्तु विज्ञाय हृदापि तादृशीम् N.9.33.
    -अन्त a.
    1 whose end is difficult to be reached, endless, infinite; संकर्षणाय सूक्ष्माय दुरन्तायान्तकाय च Bhāg.
    -2 ending ill or in misery, unhappy; अहो दुरन्ता बलवद्विरोधिता Ki.1.23; नृत्यति युवति- जनेन समं सखि विरहिजनस्य दुरन्ते (वसन्ते) Gīt.1; इयमुदरदरी- दुरन्तधारा यदि न भवेदभिमानभङ्गभूमिः Udb.
    -3 hard to be understood or known.
    -4 insurmountable.
    -अन्तक a. = दुरन्त q. v. (
    -कः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -अन्वय a.
    1 difficult to be passed along; Mb.14.51.17.
    -2 hard to be carried out or followed.
    -3 difficult to be attained. or understood; बुद्धिश्च ते महाप्राज्ञ देवैरपि दुरन्वया Rām.3. 66.18.
    -4 not suitable, improper; वचो दुरन्वयं विप्रास्तूष्णी- मासन्भ्रमद्धियः Bhāg.1.84.14.
    (-यः) 1 a wrong conclusion, one wrongly inferred from given premisses.
    -2 (in gram.) a false agreement.
    -अपवादः ill report. slander.
    -अभिग्रह a. difficult to be caught.
    -अभि- मानिन् a. vain-glorious, disagreeably proud.
    - अवगम a. incomprehensible; Bhāg.5.13.26.
    -अवग्रह a.
    1 difficult to be restrained or subjugated; भक्ता भजस्व दुरवग्रह मा त्यजास्मान् Bhāg.1.29.31.
    -2 disagreeable.
    -अवग्राह a. difficult to be attained; Bhāg.7.1.19.
    -अवच्छद a. difficult to be hidden; हेतुभिर्लक्षयांचक्रुराप्रीतां दुरवच्छदैः Bhāg.1.62.28.
    -अवबोध a. unintelligible. Bhāg.1.49.29.
    -अवसित a. unfathomed, difficult to be ascertained, द्युपतिभिरजशक्रशंकराद्यैर्दुरवसितस्तवमच्युतं नतो$स्मि Bhāg.12.12.67.
    -अवस्थ a. ill off, badly or poorly circumstanced.
    -अवस्था, -स्थानम् a wretched or miser- able state; Bhāg.5.3.12.
    -अवाप a. difficult to be gained or fulfilled; Ś.1.
    -अवेक्षितम् an improper look.
    -अह्नः a bad day.
    -आकृति a. ugly, mis-shaped.
    -आक्रन्द a. crying bitterly or miserably; किं क्रन्दसि दुराक्रन्द स्वपक्ष- क्षयकारक Pt.4.29.
    -आक्रम a.
    1 invincible, unconquer- able.
    -2 difficult to be passed.
    -आक्रमणम् 1 unfair attack.
    -2 difficult approach.
    -आगमः improper or illegal acquisition.
    -आग्रहः foolish obstinacy, head- strongness, pertinacity; ममाहमित्यूढदुराग्रहाणां पुंसाम् Bhāg.3. 5.43.
    1 hard to be performed.
    -2 incurable (as a disease).
    -आचार a.
    1 ill-conducted, badly be- haved.
    -2 following bad practices, wicked, depraved; अपि चेत्सुदुराचारो भजते मामनन्यभाक् Bg.9.3. (
    -रः) bad practice, ill-conduct, wikedness.
    -आढ्य a. not rich, poor.
    -आत्मता vileness, baseness, wickedness.
    -आत्मन् a. evil-natured, low, wicked, vile, base, mean; ये च प्राहुर्दुरात्मानो दुराराध्या महीभुजः Pt.1.39. (-m.) a rascal, villain, scoundrel.
    - आधर a. difficult to be withstood or overpowered, irresistible.
    -आधर्ष a. hard to be approached or assailed, unassailable जगन्नाथो दुराधर्षो गङ्गां भागीरथीं प्रति Mb.
    -2 not to be attacked with impu- nity.
    -3 haughty. (
    -र्षः) white mustard.
    -आधारः an epithet of Śiva.
    -आधिः (m.)
    1 distress or anxiety of mind; निरस्तनारीसमया दुराधयः Ki.1.28.
    -2 indignation.
    -आधी a. Ved. malignant, thinking ill of.
    - आनम a. difficult to bend or draw; स विचिन्त्य धनुर्दुरानमम् R.11.38.
    -आप a.
    1 difficult to be obtained; श्रिया दुरापः कथमीप्सितो भवेत् Ś.3.13; R.1.72;6.62.
    -2 difficult to be ap- proached; Pt.1.67.
    -3 hard to be overcome.
    -आपादन a. difficult to be brought about; किं दुरापादनं तेषाम् Bhāg.3.23.42.
    -आपूर a. difficult to be filled or satisfied; Bhāg.7.6.8.
    -आबाध a. hard to be molested. (
    -धः) N. of Śiva.
    -आमोदः bad scent, stench; शवधूमदुरामोदः शालिभक्ते$त्र विद्यते Ks.82.22.
    -आराध्य a. difficult to be propitiated, hard to be won over or conciliated; दुराराध्याः श्रियो राज्ञां दुरापा दुष्परिग्रहाः Pt.1.38.
    -आरुह a. difficult to be mounted.
    (-हः) 1 the Bilva tree.
    -2 the cocoanut tree.
    -3 the date tree.
    -आरोप a. difficult to be strung (bow); दुरारोपमैन्दुशेखरं धनुर्दुर्निवारा रावणभुजदण्डाः B. R.1.46-47.
    -आरोह a. difficult of ascent.
    (-हः) 1 The cocoanut tree.
    -2 the palm tree.
    -3 the date tree.
    -आलापः 1 a curse, imprecation.
    -2 foul of abusive language.
    -आलोक a.
    1 difficult to be seen or perceived.
    -2 painfully bright, dazzling; दुरालोकः स समरे निदाघाम्बररत्नवत् K. P.1. (
    -कः) dazzling splendour.
    -आव(वा)र a.
    1 difficult to be covered or filled up; दुरावरं त्वदन्येन राज्यखण्डमिदं महत् Rām.2.15.5.
    -2 difficult to be restrained, shut in, kept back or stopped.
    -आवर्त a. difficult to be convinced or set up; भवन्ति सुदुरावर्ता हेतुमन्तो$पि पण्डिताः Mb.12.19.23.
    1 evil-minded, wicked, malicious, स्फुटनिर्भिन्नो दुराशयो$धमः Śi. उपेयिवान् मूलमशेषमूलं दुराशयः कामदुघाङ्घ्रिपस्य Bhāg.3.21.15.
    -2 having a bad place or rest. (-m.) the subtle body which is not destroyed by death (लिङ्गदेह); एतन्मे जन्म लोके$स्मिन्मुमुक्षूणां दुराशयात् Bhāg.3.24. 36.
    -आशा 1 a bad or wicked desire.
    -2 hoping against hope.
    -आस a. difficult to be abided or associated with; संघर्षिणा सह गुणाभ्यधिकैर्दुरासम् Śi.5.19.
    1 difficult to be approached or overtaken; स सभूव दुरासदः परैः R.3.66; 8.4; Mv.2.5; 4.15.
    -2 difficult to be found or met with.
    -3 unequalled, unparalleled.
    -4 hard to be borne, insupportable.
    -5 difficult to be conquered, unassailable, unconquerable; जहि शत्रुं महाबाहो कामरूपं दुरासदम् Bg.3.43. (
    -दः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -इत a.
    1 difficult.
    -2 sinful.
    (-तम्) 1 a bad course, evil, sin; दरिद्राणां दैन्यं दुरितमथ दुर्वासनहृदां द्रुतं दूरीकुर्वन् G. L.2; R.8.2; Amaru.2; Mv.3.43.
    -2 a difficulty, danger.
    -3 a calamity, evil; अपत्ये यत्तादृग्- दुरितमभवत् U.4.3.
    -इतिः f. Ved.
    1 a bad course.
    -2 difficulty.
    -इष्टम् 1 a curse, imprecation.
    -2 a spell or sacrificial rite performed to injure another person.
    -ईशः a bad lord or master.
    -ईषणा, -एषणा 1 a curse, an imprecation.
    -2 an evil eye.
    -उक्त a. harshly utter- ed; Pt.1.89.
    -उक्तम्, -उक्तिः f. offensive speech, reproach, abuse, censure; लक्ष्मि क्षमस्व वचनीयमिदं दुरुक्तम् Udb.
    -उच्छेद a. difficult to be destroyed.
    -उत्तर a.
    1 unanswerable.
    -2 difficult to be crossed; दुरुत्तरे पङ्क इवान्धकारे Bk.11.2; प्राप्तः पङ्को दुरुत्तरः Ki.15.17.
    - उदय a. appearing with difficulty, not easily manifested; यो$ नात्मनां दुरुदयो भगवान्प्रतीतः Bhāg.3.16.5.
    -उदर्क a. having bad or no consequences; N.5.41.
    -उदाहर a. diffi- cult to be pronounced or composed; अनुज्झितार्थसंबन्धः प्रबन्धो दुरुदाहरः Śi.2.73.
    -उद्वह a. burdensome, unbear- able.
    - उपसद a. difficult of approach; Ki.7.9.
    -उपसर्पिन् a. approaching incautiously; एकमेव दहत्यग्निर्नरं दुरुपसर्पिणम् Ms.7.9.
    -ऊह a. abstruse; जानीते जयदेव एव शरणः श्लाघ्ये दुरूहद्रुते Gīt.
    -एव a. Ved.
    1 having evil ways.
    -2 irresis- tible, unassailable. (
    -वः) a wicked person.
    -ओषस् a. Ved. slow, lazy.
    - ग 1 difficult of access, inaccessible, impervious, impassable; दुर्गस्त्वेष महापन्थाः Mb.12.3. 5; दुर्गं पथस्तत्कवयो वदन्ति Kaṭh.1.3.14.
    -2 unattain- able.
    -3 incomprehensible.
    -4 following wicked path, vicious; Rām.2.39.22.
    (-गः, -गम्) 1 a difficult or narrow passage through a wood or over a stream, mountain &c., a defile, narrow pass.
    -2 a citadel. fortress, castle; न दुर्गं दुर्गमित्येव दुर्गमं मन्यते जनः । तस्य दुर्गमता सैव यत्प्रभुस्तस्य दुर्गमः ॥ Śiva. B.16.61.
    -3 rough ground.
    -4 difficulty, adversity, calamity, distress, danger; निस्तारयतिं दुर्गाच्च Ms.3.98;11.43; मच्चित्तः सर्व- दुर्गाणि मत्प्रसादात्तरिष्यसि; Bg.18.58.
    (-गः) 1 bdellium.
    -2 the Supreme Being.
    -3 N. of an Asura slain by Durgā (thus receiving her name from him). ˚अध्यक्षः, ˚पतिः, ˚पालः the commandant or governor of a castle. ˚अन्तः The suburb of a fort; दुर्गान्ते सिद्धतापसाः Kau. A. 1.12. ˚कर्मन् n. fortification. ˚कारक a. making difficult. (
    -कः) the birch tree. ˚घ्नी N. of Durgā. ˚तरणी an epithet of Sāvitrī. सावित्री दुर्गतरणी वीणा सप्तविधा तथा Mb. ˚मार्गः a defile, gorge. ˚लङ्घनम् surmounting difficu- lties. (
    -नः) a camel. ˚संचरः
    1 a difficult passage as to a fort &c., a bridge &c. over a defile. ˚संस्कारः Repairs to the old forts; अतो दुर्गसंस्कार आरब्धव्ये किं कौमुदीमहोत्सवेन Mu. ˚सिंहः N. of the author of कलापपरिशिष्ट. ˚व्यसनम् a defect or weak point in a fortress. (
    -र्गा) an epithet of Pārvatī, wife of Śiva.
    -2 the female cuckoo
    -3 N. of several plants. ˚नवमी the 9th day of the bright half of कार्तिक. ˚पूजा the chief festival in honour of दुर्गा in Bengal in the month of Āśvina.
    -गत a.
    1 unfortunate, in bad circumstances; समाश्वसिमि केनाहं कथं प्राणिमि दुर्गतः Bk.18.1.
    -2 indigent, poor.
    -3 distressed, in trouble.
    -गतता ill-luck, poverty, misery; तावज्जन्मातिदुःखाय ततो दुर्गतता सदा Pt.1.265.
    -गतिः f.
    1 misfortune, poverty, want, trouble, indigence; न हि कल्याणकृत्कश्चिद् दुर्गतिं तात गच्छति Bg.6.4.
    -2 a difficult situation or path.
    -3 hell.
    -गन्ध a. ill-smelling.
    (-न्धः) 1 bad odour, stink
    -2 any ill-smelling substance.
    -3 an onion.
    -4 the mango tree. (
    -न्धम्) sochal salt.
    -गन्धि, -गन्धिन् a. ill-smelling.
    -गम a.
    1 impassable, inaccessible, impervious; कामिनीकायकान्तारे कुचपर्वतदुर्गमे Bh.1.86; Śi. 12.49.
    -2 unattainable, difficult of attainment.
    -3 hard to be understood. (
    -मम्) a difficult place like hill etc; भ्राम्यन्ते दुर्गमेष्वपि Pt.5.81.
    -गाढ, -गाध, -गाह्य a. difficult to be fathomed or investigated, unfathomable.
    -गुणितम् not properly studied; चिराम्यस्तपथं याति शास्त्रं दुर्गुणितं यथा Avimārakam.2.4.
    -गोष्ठी evil association; conspiracy. वृद्धो रक्कः कम्पनेशो दुर्गोष्ठीमध्यगो$भवत् Rāj. T.6. 17.
    -ग्रह a.
    1 difficult to be gained or accomplished.
    -2 difficult to be conquered or subjugated; दुर्गाणि दुर्ग्रहाण्यासन् तस्य रोद्धुरपि द्विषाम् R.17.52.
    -3 hard to be understood.
    (-हः) 1 a cramp, spasm.
    -2 obstinacy.
    -3 whim, monomania; कथं न वा दुर्ग्रहदोष एष ते हितेन सम्य- ग्गुरुणापि शम्यते N.9.41.
    -घट a.
    1 difficult. कार्याणि घटयन्नासीद् दुर्घटान्यपि हेलया Rāj. T.4.364.
    -2 impossible.
    -घण a.
    1 closely packed together, very compact.
    -घुरुटः An unbeliever; L. D. B.
    -घोषः 1 a harsh cry.
    -2 a bear.
    -जन a.
    1 wicked, bad, vile.
    -2 slanderous, malicious, mischievous; यथा स्त्रीणां तथा वाचां साधुत्वे दुर्जनो जनः U.1.6. (
    -नः) a bad or wicked person, a malicious or mischievous man, villain; दुर्जनः प्रियवादी च नैतद्विश्वास- कारणम् Chāṇ.24,25; शाम्येत्प्रत्यपकारेण नोपकारेण दुर्जनः Ku.2.4. (दुर्जनायते Den. Ā. to become wicked; स्वजनो$पि दरिद्राणां तत्क्षणाद् दुर्जनायते Pt.1.5.). (दुर्जनीकृ [च्वि] to make blameworthy; दुर्जनीकृतास्मि अनेन मां चित्रगतां दर्शयता Nāg.2).
    -जय a. invincible. (
    -यः) N. of Viṣṇu.
    -जर a.
    1 ever youthful; तस्मिन्स्तनं दुर्जरवीर्यमुल्बणं घोराङ्कमादाय शिशोर्दधावथ Bhāg.1.6.1.
    -2 hard (as food), indigestible.
    -3 difficult to be enjoyed; राजश्रीर्दुर्जरा तस्य नवत्वे भूभुजो$भवत् Rāj. T.5.19.
    -जात a.
    1 unhappy, wretched.
    -2 bad-tempered, bad, wicked; Rāj. T.3. 142.
    -3 false, not genuine. ˚जीयिन् a. one who is born in vain; यो न यातयते वैरमल्पसत्त्वोद्यमः पुमान् । अफलं जन्म तस्याहं मन्ये दुर्जातजायिनः ॥ Mb.
    (-तम्) 1 a misfortune, calamity, difficulty; त्वं तावद् दुर्जाते मे$त्यन्तसाहाय्यकारिणी भव M.3; दुर्जातबन्धुः R.13.72. 'a friend in need or adversity.'
    -2 impropriety.
    -जाति a.
    1 bad natured, vile, wicked; रुदितशरणा दुर्जातीनां सहस्व रुषां फलम् Amaru.96.
    -2 out- cast. (
    -तिः f.) misfortune, ill condition.
    -ज्ञान, -ज्ञेय a. difficult to be known, incomprehensible. उच्चावचेषु भुतेषु दुर्ज्ञेयामकृतात्मभिः Ms.6.73. (
    -यः) N. of Śiva.
    -णयः, -नयः, -नीतिः 1 bad conduct.
    -2 impropriety
    -3 in- justice.
    -णामन्, -नामन् a. having a bad name.
    -णीत a.
    1 ill-behaved.
    -2 impolitic.
    -3 forward. (
    -तम्) miscon- duct; दुर्णीतं किमिहास्ति किं सुचरितं कः स्थानलाभे गुणः H.
    -दम, -दमन, -दम्य a. difficult to be subdued, untamable, indomitable.
    -दर्श a.
    1 difficult to be seen.
    -2 dazzling; सुदुर्दर्शमिदं रूपं दृष्टवानसि यन्मन Bg.11.52.
    -दर्शन a. ugly, ill-looking; दुर्दर्शनेन घटतामियमप्यनेन Māl.2.8.
    -दशा a misfortune, calamity.
    -दान्त a.
    1 hard to be tamed or subdued, untamable; Śi.12.22.
    -2 intractable, proud, insolent; दुर्दान्तानां दमनविधयः क्षत्रियेष्वायतन्ते Mv.3.34.
    (-तः) 1 a calf.
    -2 a strife, quarrel.
    -3 N. of Śiva.
    -दिन a. cloudy, rainy.
    (-नम्) 1 a bad day in general; तद्दिनं दुर्दिनं मन्ये यत्र मित्रागमो हि न Subhāṣ.
    -2 a rainy or cloudy day, stormy or rainy weather; उन्नमत्यकालदुर्दिनम् Mk.5; Ku.6 43; Mv.4.57.
    -3 a shower (of any- thing); द्विषां विषह्य काकुत्स्थस्तत्र नाराचदुर्दिनम् ॥ सन्मङ्गलस्नात इव R.4.41,82;5.47; U.5.5.
    -4 thick darkness; जीमूतैश्च दिशः सर्वाश्चक्रे तिमिरदुर्दिनाः Mb. (दुर्दिनायते Den. Ā. to become cloudy.)
    -दिवसः a dark or rainy day; Pt.1.173.
    -दुरूटः, -ढः 1 an unbeliever
    -2 an abusive word.
    -दृश a.
    1 disagreeable to the sight, disgusting; दुर्दृशं तत्र राक्षसं घोररूपमपश्यत्सः Mb.1.2.298.
    -2 difficult to be seen; पादचारमिवादित्यं निष्पतन्तं सुदुर्दृशम् Rām.7.33.5.
    -दृष्ट a. ill- judged or seen, wrongly decided; Y.2.35.
    -दैवम् ill-luck, misfortune.
    -द्यूतम् an unfair game.
    -द्रुमः onion (green).
    -धर a.
    1 irresistible, difficult to be stopped.
    -2 difficult to be borne or suffered; दुर्धरेण मदनेन साद्यते Ghat.11; Ms.7.28.
    -3 difficult to be accomplished.
    -4 difficult to be kept in memory. (
    -रः) quicksilver.
    -धर्ष a.
    1 inviolable, unassailable.
    -2 inaccessible; संयोजयति विद्यैव नीचगापि नरं सरित् । समुद्रमिव दुर्धर्षं नृपं भाग्य- मतः परम् ॥ H. Pr.5.
    -3 fearful, dreadful.
    -4 haughty.
    -धी a. stupid, silly.
    -नयः 1 arrogance.
    -2 immorality.
    -3 evil strategy; उन्मूलयितुमीशो$हं त्रिवर्गमिव दुर्नयः Mu.5.22.
    -नामकः piles. ˚अरिः a kind of bulbous root (Mar. सुरण).
    -नामन् m. f. a cockle. (-n.) piles.
    -निग्रह a. irre- pressible, unruly; मनो दुर्निग्रहं चलम् Bg.6.35.
    -निमित a. carelessly put or placed on the ground; पदे पदे दुर्निमिते गलन्ती R.7.1.
    -निमित्तम् 1 a bad omen; R.14.5.
    -2 a bad pretext.
    -निवार, -निवार्य a. difficult to be check- ed or warded off, irresistible, invincible.
    -नीतम् 1 mis- conduct, bad policy, demerit, misbehaviour; दुर्णीतं किमि- हास्ति Pt.2.21; H.1.49.
    -2 ill-luck.
    -नीतिः f. mal- administration; दुर्नीतिं तव वीक्ष्य कोपदहनज्वालाजटालो$पि सन्; Bv.4.36.
    -नृपः a bad king; आसीत् पितृकुलं तस्य भक्ष्यं दुर्नृप- रक्षसः Rāj. T.5.417.
    -न्यस्त a. badly arranged; दुर्न्यस्त- पुष्परचितो$पि Māl.9.44.
    -बल a.
    1 weak, feeble.
    -2 enfeebled, spiritless; दुर्बलान्यङ्गकानि U.1.24.
    -3 thin, lean, emaciated; U.3.
    -4 small, scanty, little; स्वार्थोप- पत्तिं प्रति दुर्बलाशः R.5.12.
    -बाध a. Unrestrained (अनिवार); दुर्बाधो जनिदिवसान्मम प्रवृद्धः (आधिः); Mv.6.28.
    -बाल a.
    1 bald-headed.
    -2 void of prepuce.
    -3 having crook- ed hair.
    -बुद्धि a.
    1 silly, foolish, stupid.
    -2 perverse, evil-minded, wicked; धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेर्युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः (समा- गताः) Bg.1.23
    -बुध a. wicked-minded, silly; Mb. 11.4.18.
    -बोध a. unintelligible, unfathomable, inscru- table; निसर्गदुर्बोधमबोधविक्लवाः क्व भूपतीनां चरितं क्व जन्तवः Ki. 1.6.
    -भग a.
    1 unfortunate, unlucky; श्रीवल्लभं दुर्भगाः (निन्दन्ति) Pt.1.415.
    -2 not possessed of good features, ill-looking.
    -भगा 1 a wife disliked by her husband; दुर्भगाभरणप्रायो ज्ञानं भारः क्रियां विना H.1.17.
    -2 an ill-tempered woman, a shrew.
    -3 a widow;
    -भर a. insupportable, burdensome, heavily laden with (comp.); ततो राजाब्रवीदेतं बहुव्यसनदुर्भरः Ks.112.156.
    -भाग्य a. unfortunate, unlucky. (
    ग्यम्) ill-luck.
    -भावना 1 an evil thought.
    -2 a bad tendency.
    -भिक्षम् 1 scarcity of provisions, dearth, famine; Y.2.147; Ms.8.22; उत्सवे व्यसने चैव दुर्भिक्षे... यस्तिष्ठति स बान्धवः H.1.71; Pt.2.
    -2 want in general.
    -भिद, -भेद, -भेद्य a. firm; सुजनस्तु कनकघटवद् दुर्भेद्यश्चाशु संध्येयः Subhāṣ.
    -भृत्यः a bad servant.
    -भिषज्यम् incurability; Bṛi. Up.4.3.14.
    -भ्रातृ m. a bad brother.
    -मङ्कु a. obstinate, disobedient.
    -मति a.
    1 silly, stupid, foolish, ignorant.
    -2 wicked, evilminded; न सांपरायिकं तस्य दुर्मतेर्विद्यते फलम् Ms.11.3.
    -मद a. drun- ken, ferocious, maddened, infatuated; Bhāg.1.15.7.
    -दः foolish pride, arrogance.
    -दम् the generative organ; ग्रामकं नाम विषयं दुर्मदेन समन्वितः Bhāg.4.25.52.
    -मनस् a. troubled in mind, discouraged, disspirited, sad, malancholy; अद्य बार्हस्पतः श्रीमान् युक्तः पुष्येण राघवः । प्रोच्यतै ब्राह्मणैः प्राज्ञैः केन त्वमसि दुर्मनाः ॥ Rām. [दुर्मनायते Den. Ā. to be troubled in mind, be sad, meditate sorrowfully, to be disconso- late, become vexed or fretted; Māl.3].
    -मनुष्यः a bad or wicked man.
    -मन्त्रः, -मन्त्रितम्, -मन्त्रणा evil advice, bad counsel; दुर्मन्त्रान्नृपतिर्विनश्यति; Pt.1.169.
    -मरम् a hard or difficult death; Mb.14.61.9.
    -मरी a kind of दूर्वा grass.
    -मरणम् violent or unnatural death.
    -मर्ष a.
    1 unbearable; Bhāg.6.5.42.
    -2 obstinate, hostile.
    -मर्षणः N. of Viṣṇu.
    -मर्षित a. provocated, encouraged; एवं दुर्मर्षितो राजा स मात्रा बभ्रुवाहनः Mb.14. 79.13,
    -मर्याद a. immodest, wicked.
    -मल्लिका, -मल्ली a minor drama, comedy, farce; S. D.553.
    -मित्रः 1 a bad friend.
    -2 an enemy.
    -मुख a.
    1 having a bad face, hideous, ugly; Bh.1.9.
    -2 foul-mouthed, abusive, scurrilous; Bh.2.69.
    (-खः) 1 a horse.
    -2 N. of Śiva.
    -3 N. of a serpent king (Nm.)
    -4 N. of a monkey (Nm.)
    -5 N. of a year (29th year out of 6 years cycle).
    -मूल्य a. highly priced, dear.
    -मेधस् a. silly, foolish, dull-headed, dull; Pt.1. (-m.) a dunce, dull-headed man, blockhead; ग्रन्थानधीत्य व्याकर्तु- मिति दुर्मेधसो$प्यलम् Śi.2.26.
    -मैत्र a. unfriendly, hostile; Bhāg.7.5.27.
    -यशस् n. ill-repute, dishonour.
    -योगः 1 bad or clumsy contrivance.
    -2 a bad combi- nation.
    -योध, -योधन a. invincible, unconquerable. (
    -नः) the eldest of the 11 sons of Dhṛitarāṣṭra and Gāndhārī. [From his early years he conceived a deep hatred for his cousins the Pāṇḍavas, but particularly Bhīma, and made every effort he could to compass their destruction. When his father pro- posed to make Yudhiṣṭhira heir-apparent, Duryodhana did not like the idea, as his father was the reigning sovereign, and prevailed upon his blind father to send the Pāṇḍavas away into exile. Vāraṇāvata was fixed upon as their abode, and under pretext of constructing a palatial building for their residence, Duryodhana caused a palace to be built mostly of lac, resin and other combustible materials, thereby hoping to see them all destroyed when they should enter it. But the Paṇḍavas were forewarned and they safely escaped. They then lived at Indraprastha, and Yudhiṣṭhira performed the Rājasuya sacrifice with great pomp and splendour. This event further excited the anger and jealousy of Duryodhana, who was already vexed to find that his plot for burning them up had signally failed, and he induced his father to invite the Pāṇḍavas to Hastināpura to play with dice (of which Yudhiṣṭhira was particularly fond). In that gambling-match, Duryodhana, who was ably assisted by his maternal uncle Śakuni, won from Yudhiṣṭhira everything that he staked, till the infatuated gambler staked himself, his brothers, and Draupadī herself, all of whom shared the same fate. Yudhiṣṭhira, as a condition of the wager, was forced to go to the forest with his wife and brothers, and to remain there for twelve years and to pass one addi- tional year incognito. But even this period, long as it was, expired, and after their return from exile both the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas made great preparations for the inevitable struggle and the great Bhāratī war commenced. It lasted for eighteen days during which all the Kauravas, with most of their allies, were slain. It was on the last day of the war that Bhīma fought a duel with Duryodhana and smashed his thigh with his club.] मोघं तवेदं भुवि नामधेयं दुर्योधनेतीह कृतं पुरस्तात् न हीह दुर्योधनता तवास्ति पलायमानस्य रणं विहाय Mb.4.65.17.
    -योनि a. of a low birth, न कथंचन दुर्योनिः प्रकृतिं स्वां नियच्छति Ms.1.59.
    -लक्ष्य a. difficult to be seen or perceived, hardly visible.
    -क्ष्यम् bad aim; मनः प्रकृत्यैव चलं दुर्लक्ष्यं च तथापि मे Ratn.3.2.
    -लभ a.
    1 difficult to be attained, or accomplished; R.1.67;17.7; Ku.4.4;5.46,61; दुर्लभं भारते जन्म मानुष्यं तत्र दुर्लभम् Subhāṣ.
    -2 difficult to be found or met with, scarce, rare; शुद्धान्तदुर्लभम् Ś.1.17.
    -3 best, excellent, eminent.
    -ग्रामः a village situated close to a large village and inhabited by the free-holders (अग्र- हारोपजीविनः); Māna.1.79-8.
    -4 dear, beloved.
    -5 costly.
    -ललित a.
    1 spoilt by fondling, fondled too much, hard to please; हा मदङ्कदुर्ललित Ve.4; V.2.8; Māl.9.
    -2 (hence) wayward, naughty, illbred, unruly; स्पृहयामि खलु दुर्ललितायास्मै Ś.7. (
    -तम्) waywardness, rudeness.
    -लेख्यम् a forged document. Y.2.91.
    -वच a.
    1 difficult to be described, indescribable. अपि वागधिपस्य दुर्वचं वचनं तद् विदधीत विस्मयम् Ki.2.2.
    -2 not to be talked about.
    -3 speaking improperly, abusing. (
    -चम्) abuse, censure, foul language.
    -वचस् n. abuse, censure; असह्यं दुर्वचो ज्ञातेर्मेघा- न्तरितरौद्रवत् Udb.
    -वर्ण a. bad-coloured.
    -र्णः 1 bad colour.
    -2 impurity; यथा हेम्नि स्थितो वह्निर्दुवर्णं हन्ति धातु- जम् Bhāg.12.3.47.
    (-र्णम्) 1 silver. दुर्वर्णभित्तिरिह सान्द्रसुधासुवर्णा Śi.4.28.
    -2 a kind of leprosy.
    -वस a. difficult to be resided in.
    -वसतिः f. painful residence; R.8.94.
    -वह a. heavy, difficult to be borne; दुर्वहगर्भखिन्नसीता U.2.1; Ku.1.11.
    -वाच् a. speaking ill. (-f.)
    1 evil words, abuse.
    -2 inelegant language or speech.
    -वाच्य a.
    1 difficult to be spoken or uttered.
    -2 abusive, scurrilous.
    -3 harsh, cruel (as words).
    (-च्यम्) 1 censure, abuse.
    -2 scandal, ill-repute.
    -वातः a fart. ˚वातय Den. P. to break wind or fart; इत्येके विहसन्त्येनमेके दुर्वातयन्ति च Bhāg.11.23.4.
    -वादः slander, defamation, calumny.
    -वार, -वारण a. irresistible, unbearable; R.14.87; किं चायमरिदुर्वारः पाणौ पाशः प्रचेतसः Ku.2.21.
    -वासना 1 evil propensity, wicked desire; कः शत्रुर्वद खेददानकुशलो दुर्वासनासंचयः Bv. 1.86.
    -2 a chimera.
    -वासस् a.
    1 ill-dressed.
    -2 naked. (-m.) N. of a very irascible saint or Ṛiṣi, son of Atri and Anasūyā. (He was very hard to please, and he cursed many a male and female to suffer misery and degradation. His anger, like that of Jama- dagni, has become almost proverbial.)
    -वाहितम् a heavy burden; उरोजपूर्णकुम्भाङ्का सदुर्वाहितविभ्रमा Rāj. T.4.18.
    -विगाह, -विगाह्य a. difficult to be penetrated or fathomed, unfathomable.
    -विचिन्त्य inconcei- vable, inscrutable
    -विद a. difficult to be known or discovered; नूनं गतिः कृतान्तस्य प्राज्ञैरपि सुदुर्विदा Mb.7.78. 2.
    -विदग्ध 1 unskilled, raw, foolish, stupid, silly.
    -2 wholly ignorant.
    -3 foolishly puffed up, elated. vainly proud; वृथाशस्त्रग्रहणदुर्विदग्ध Ve.3; ज्ञानलवदुर्विदग्धं ब्रह्मापि नरं न रञ्जयति Bh.2.3.
    -विद्ध a. Badly perforated (a pearl); Kau. A.2.11.
    -विद्य a. uneducated; Rāj. T.1.354.
    -विध a.
    1 mean, base, low.
    -2 wicked, vile.
    -3 poor, indigent; विदधाते रुचिगर्वदुर्विधम् N.2.23.
    -4 stupid, foolish, silly; विविनक्ति न बुद्धिदुर्विधः Śi.16.39.
    -विनयः misconduct, imprudence.
    -विनीत a.
    1 (a) badly educated, ill-mannered; ill-behaved, wicked; शासितरि दुर्विनीतानाम् Ś.1.24. (b) rude, naughty, mis- chievous.
    -2 stubborn, obstinate.
    (-तः) 1 a restive or untrained horse.
    -2 a wayward person, reprobate.
    -विपाक a. producing bad fruit; श्रितासि चन्दनभ्रान्त्या दुर्विपाकं विषद्रुमम् U.1.46.
    (-कः) 1 bad result or conse- quence; U.1.4; किं नो विधिरिह वचने$प्यक्षमो दुर्विपाकः Mv. 6.7.
    -2 evil consequences of acts done either in this or in a former birth.
    -विभाव्य a. inconceivable; also दुर्विभाव; असद्वृत्तेरहो वृत्तं दुर्विभावं विधेरिव Ki.11.56.
    -विमर्श a. difficult to be tried or examined; यो दुर्विमर्शपथया निजमाययेदं सृष्ट्वा गुणान्विभजते तदनुप्रविष्टः Bhāg.1.49.29.
    -विलसितम् a wayward act, rudeness, naughtiness; डिम्भस्य दुर्विलसितानि मुदे गुरूणाम् B. R.4.6.
    -विलासः a bad or evil turn of fate; U.1.
    -विवाहः a censurable marriage; इतरेषु तु शिष्टेषु नृशंसानृतवादिनः । जायन्ते दुर्विवाहेषु ब्रह्मधर्मद्विषः सुताः ॥ Ms.3.41.
    -विष a. ill-natured, malignant. (
    -षः) N. of Śiva.
    -विषह a. unbearable, intolerable, irresistible. (
    -हः) N. of Śiva.
    -वृत्त a.
    1 vile, wicked, ill-behaved.
    -2 roguish. (
    -त्तम्) misconduct, ill-behaviour. दुर्वृत्तवृत्तशमनं तव देवि शीलम् Devīmāhātmya.
    -वृत्तिः f.
    1 misconduct.
    -2 misery, want, distress.
    -3 fraud.
    -वृष्टिः f. insufficient rain, drought.
    -वेद a. difficult to be known or ascertained.
    -व्यवहारः a wrong judgment in law.
    -व्यवहृतिः f. ill-report or rumour.
    -व्यसनम् 1 a fond pursuit or resolve; Mu.3.
    -2 bad propensity, vice; तेन दुर्व्यसनेनासीद्भोजने$पि कदर्थना Ks.73.73.
    -व्रत a. not conforming to rules, disobedient.
    -हुतम् a badly offered sacrifice.
    -हृद् a. wicked-hearted, ill-disposed, inimical; अकुर्वतोर्वां शुश्रूषां क्लिष्टयोर्दुर्हृदा भृशम् Bhāg.1.45.9. (-m.) an enemy.
    -हृदय a. evil-minded, evil-intention- ed, wicked.
    -हृषीक a. having defective organs of sense.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > दुर् _dur

  • 8 rough

    1. adjective
    1) (not smooth: Her skin felt rough.) ru, knudret, ujevn
    2) (uneven: a rough path.) ujevn, humpet
    3) (harsh; unpleasant: a rough voice; She's had a rough time since her husband died.) hard, barsk
    4) (noisy and violent: rough behaviour.) grov, voldelig
    5) (stormy: The sea was rough; rough weather.) stormfull, grov
    6) (not complete or exact; approximate: a rough drawing; a rough idea/estimate.) røff, grov
    2. noun
    1) (a violent bully: a gang of roughs.) bølle, ramp
    2) (uneven or uncultivated ground on a golf course: I lost my ball in the rough.) utenfor fairwayen, rough
    •
    - roughness
    - roughage
    - roughen
    - rough diamond
    - rough-and-ready
    - rough-and-tumble
    - rough it
    - rough out
    barsk
    --------
    grov
    --------
    grovkornet
    --------
    ru
    --------
    rå
    I
    subst. \/rʌf\/
    1) ( spesielt britisk) pøbel, ramp, bølle
    2) kladd, utkast, skisse
    3) (golf, bare i entall) rough
    4) uslipt diamant, edelstein
    5) vanskelighet, ubehag
    6) ( på hestesko) brodd
    in (the) rough i stikkordsform cirka, anslagsvis i grove trekk, i det store og hele ( om edelstein) ubehandlet
    take the rough with the smooth ta det onde med det gode
    through rough and smooth i vått og tørt, i medgang og motgang, i gode og onde dager
    II
    verb \/rʌf\/
    1) grovhugge, blokke ut
    2) skarpsko (en hest)
    3) ri inn (en hest)
    4) (amer., sport) ruffe
    rough in\/out skissere, gjøre et utkast til
    rough it ( hverdagslig) leve primitivt, slite hardt
    rough someone up the wrong way irritere noen, ta noen på feil måte
    rough up banke noen opp, mishandle frese opp, gjøre ujevn, rufse til
    III
    adj. \/rʌf\/
    1) ( om overflate) ubehandlet, rå, grov, ru, ujevn
    2) ( om dyr) raggete, lurvete, bustete
    3) (nedsettende, om mennesker) grov, røff, rå, ubehøvlet, upolert
    4) vanskelig, krevende, ubehagelig
    5) røff, rå, primitiv, voldelig, voldsom
    6) (hverdagslig, britisk) urettferdig, urimelig
    7) (om vær\/vind) surt, stormfull(t)
    8) ( om terreng) kupert, ulendt, krevende
    • they tried to find the burying ground, but the country was so rough they had to give it up
    de prøvde å finne gravplassen, men terrenget var så ulendt at de måtte gi opp
    9) ( hverdagslig) uvel, dårlig, deprimert
    10) kortfattet, summarisk
    11) ( golf) rough, røff
    12) omtrentlig, grov
    be rough on someone være urimelig mot noen
    in rough outlines i grove trekk
    a rough guess se ➢ guess, 1
    IV
    adv. \/rʌf\/
    1) grovt
    2) rått, voldsomt
    3) hardt, hensynsløst, urettferdig
    cut up rough begynne å bråke, begynne å yppe
    live rough leve primitivt
    play rough bryte reglene, sette hardt mot hardt
    sleep rough være uteligger, sove på gaten, sove under åpen himmel
    treat somebody rough behandle noen dårlig\/urimelig

    English-Norwegian dictionary > rough

  • 9 rough

    A n
    1 Sport ( in golf) rough m ;
    2 ( unfinished copy) ( draft) brouillon m ; ( sketch) gen, spec ébauche f ; to write sth out in rough écrire qch au brouillon.
    B adj
    1 ( not smooth) [hand, skin] rêche ; ( stronger) rugueux/-euse ; [surface, rock] rugueux/-euse ; [material, paper] rêche ; [road, terrain] cahoteux/-euse ; [landscape] sauvage ; [grass] sec/sèche ; to smooth (off) the rough edges (of stone, wood, glass etc) polir ;
    2 ( brutal) [person, treatment, behaviour, sport] brutal, violent ; [area, district] dur ; to be rough with sb/sth être brutal avec qn/qch ; to get rough (with sb) devenir violent (avec qn) ;
    3 ( approximate) [description, map, indication] sommaire ; [translation, calculation] sommaire, rapide ; [figure, estimate] approximatif/-ive ; can you give me a rough idea of the cost? est-ce que vous pouvez me donner une idée approximative du coût? ; rough justice justice f sommaire or expéditive ;
    4 ( difficult) [life, period] dur, difficile ; to be rough on sb [person] être dur avec qn ; it's rough on you/him c'est dur pour toi/lui ; we're having a rough time on traverse une période difficile ; to give sb a rough ride rendre la vie dure à qn ; he's had a rough deal ○ il a été traité injustement ;
    5 ( crude) [person, manner, behaviour] grossier/-ière ; [dwelling, shelter, table] rudimentaire ;
    6 ( harsh) [voice, sound, taste, wine] âpre ;
    7 ( stormy) [sea, crossing] agité ; [weather] gros/grosse ; ( in plane) [landing] mouvementé ;
    8 ○ ( unwell) to feel/to look rough se sentir/avoir l'air patraque ○.
    C adv
    1 ( outdoors) to sleep/to live rough dormir/vivre à la dure ;
    2 ( violently) [fight, play] brutalement.
    to cut up rough s'énerver ; to rough it vivre à la dure.
    ■ rough in:
    ▶ rough in [sth] ( sketch) esquisser ; ( estimate) ébaucher, donner une idée de [figures, details].
    ■ rough out:
    ▶ rough out [sth] esquisser, ébaucher [plan, proposal, drawing].
    ■ rough up ○:
    ▶ rough [sb] up, rough up [sb]
    1 ( manhandle) bousculer euph, malmener ;
    2 ( beat up) tabasser ○.

    Big English-French dictionary > rough

  • 10 rough

    rough [rʌf]
    rêche ⇒ 1 (a) rugueux ⇒ 1 (a) brutal ⇒ 1 (b) rude ⇒ 1 (c), 1 (d) agité ⇒ 1 (e) rauque ⇒ 1 (f) approximatif ⇒ 1 (g) brouillon ⇒ 2 (b) avec rudesse ⇒ 3
    (a) (uneven → skin, cloth, paper) rêche; (→ surface) rugueux; (→ road) accidenté, rocailleux; (→ coast) accidenté; (→ edge) rugueux
    (b) (violent → behaviour, person, treatment) brutal; (→ neighbourhood) dur, mal fréquenté;
    ∎ they came in for some rough treatment ils ont été malmenés;
    ∎ the parcels got some rough handling les paquets ont été traités sans ménagement ou malmenés;
    ∎ he received some rough handling from the press la presse l'a présenté de façon défavorable;
    ∎ they were rough with or on the new recruits ils n'ont pas été tendres avec les nouvelles recrues;
    ∎ she's terribly rough with the children elle est très brutale avec les enfants;
    ∎ they're rough kids ce sont des petites brutes ou des petits voyous;
    ∎ he's a rough customer c'est un dur;
    ∎ rugby can be a rough game le rugby peut être un jeu brutal;
    ∎ you see some rough behaviour at football matches on voit des violences ou des brutalités aux matchs de foot;
    ∎ he has a rough tongue il ne mâche pas ses mots;
    ∎ to give sb the rough edge of one's tongue réprimander qn, ne pas ménager ses reproches à qn
    (c) (unrefined → person, manners) rude, fruste; (→ speech, accent) rude, grossier;
    ∎ to knock the rough edges off sb/sth dégrossir qn/qch
    (d) (unpleasant, hard) rude, dur;
    ∎ to have a rough life avoir une vie dure;
    ∎ she's had a rough time of it elle en a vu des dures ou de toutes les couleurs;
    ∎ they gave him a rough time or ride ils lui ont mené la vie dure;
    ∎ he's had a rough deal ça a été très dur pour lui;
    ∎ to make things rough for sb mener la vie dure à qn;
    ∎ it's rough on her (unlucky) c'est dur pour elle; (unjust) c'est injuste pour elle;
    ∎ it's rough on the skin c'est mauvais pour la peau;
    ∎ divorce is rough on children le divorce est dur pour les enfants;
    ∎ you were too rough on them tu as été trop sévère avec eux;
    ∎ it's rough having to work on Saturdays c'est dur de devoir travailler le samedi;
    ∎ British rough luck! pas de veine!
    (e) (sea) agité, houleux; (climate) rude;
    ∎ we had a rough crossing on a eu une traversée agitée;
    ∎ rough weather gros temps m
    (f) (harsh → sound, voice) rauque; (→ tone) brusque; (→ taste) âpre; (→ wine) rêche
    (g) (approximate → calculation, estimate, translation) approximatif; (rudimentary → equipment) rudimentaire, grossier;
    ∎ at a rough guess grosso modo, approximativement;
    ∎ I only need a rough estimate je n'ai pas besoin d'une réponse précise;
    ∎ to have a rough idea of sth avoir une idée approximative de qch;
    ∎ it gives you a rough guide cela vous donne une indication approximative;
    ∎ in a or its rough state à l'état brut;
    ∎ they built a rough canoe from a log ils ont construit un canoë de fortune avec un tronc d'arbre
    ∎ I'm feeling a bit rough je ne suis pas dans mon assiette;
    ∎ to look rough ne pas par avoir l'air dans son assiette
    2 noun
    (a) (ground) terrain m rocailleux; Golf rough m;
    ∎ to take the rough with the smooth prendre les choses comme elles viennent
    (b) (draft) brouillon m; (of design) crayonné m, esquisse f; (of drawing) ébauche f;
    ∎ in rough à l'état de brouillon ou d'ébauche;
    ∎ he drafted the proposal in rough il rédigea un brouillon de la proposition
    (c) familiar (hoodlum) dur m, voyou m
    ∎ she likes a bit of rough (person) elle aime s'envoyer un prolo de temps en temps; (sexual activity) elle aime qu'on la malmène un peu pendant l'amour
    (speak) avec rudesse;
    ∎ to play rough (children etc) jouer brutalement; (in business, relationship) ne pas faire de cadeaux;
    ∎ to treat sb rough malmener qn;
    ∎ to live rough vivre à la dure;
    ∎ to sleep rough coucher à la dure ou dans la rue
    ∎ to rough it vivre à la dure;
    ∎ we'll just have to rough it il faudra qu'on fasse avec les moyens du bord□
    ►► rough book brouillard m;
    rough copy brouillon m;
    Television & Cinema rough cut premier montage m;
    rough diamond diamant m brut;
    ∎ British figurative he's a rough diamond il est bourru mais il a un cœur d'or;
    rough draft brouillon m;
    Television & Cinema rough edit montage m bout à bout;
    Television & Cinema rough focus première mise f au point;
    rough ground (bumpy) terrain m rocailleux ou raboteux; (waste) terrain m vague;
    Botany rough hawkbit liondent m hispide;
    rough justice justice f sommaire;
    rough linen gros lin m;
    rough paper papier m brouillon;
    rough passage traversée f difficile;
    ∎ figurative the bill had a rough passage through the House le projet de loi a eu des difficultés à passer à la Chambre;
    Sport rough play jeu m brutal;
    rough sketch croquis m, ébauche f;
    ∎ just give me a rough sketch or outline of your plans donnez-moi juste un aperçu de vos projets;
    familiar rough stuff brutalités□ fpl;
    familiar rough trade (male prostitute) = jeune prostitué homosexuel à tendances violentes; (working-class male homosexual) homosexuel m prolo;
    rough work brouillon m
    British (drawing, plan) ébaucher, esquisser
    (a) (hair) ébouriffer; (clothes) mettre en désordre
    (b) familiar (person) tabasser, passer à tabac

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > rough

  • 11 mildern

    I v/t (Schmerz) soothe, ease, alleviate; (Urteil) moderate; (Strafe) reduce; (Aussage etc.) qualify; (Wirkung etc.) reduce, soften; mildernde Umstände JUR. extenuating ( oder mitigating) circumstances
    II v/refl Schmerz: ease; Emotionen: cool off; Wetter: turn milder
    * * *
    to attemper; to mitigate; to soothe; to blunt; to extenuate; to mellow; to alleviate; to soften;
    sich mildern
    to tone down
    * * *
    mịl|dern ['mɪldɐn]
    1. vt (geh)
    Schmerz to ease, to soothe, to alleviate; Kälte to alleviate; Angst to calm; Strafe, Urteil to moderate, to mitigate; Gegensätze to reduce, to make less crass or severe; Schärfe, Konflikt, Problem, Härte, Druck to reduce; Ausdrucksweise, Zorn to moderate; Sanktionen to relax; Folgen to make less severe
    2. vr
    (Wetter) to become milder; (Gegensätze) to become less crass; (Zorn) to abate; (Schmerz) to ease
    * * *
    1) (to ease (pain etc): The medicine soothed the child's toothache.) soothe
    2) (to soften or make less severe: One must try to temper justice with mercy.) temper
    3) (to make or become softer, less harsh etc: He toned down some of his criticisms.) tone down
    * * *
    mil·dern
    [ˈmɪldɐn]
    I. vt
    ▪ etw \mildern
    1. (abschwächen) to moderate sth
    das Strafmaß \mildern to reduce the sentence
    \mildernde Umstände mitigating [or extenuating] circumstances
    2. (weniger schlimm machen) to alleviate sth
    jds Leid \mildern to ease sb's sorrow [or suffering
    3. KOCHK to make sth milder [or less sharp
    II. vr METEO
    ▪ sich akk \mildern to become milder
    * * *
    1.
    transitives Verb moderate <criticism, judgement>; mitigate < punishment>; soothe < anger>; reduce <intensity, strength, effect>; modify < impression>; ease, soothe, relieve < pain>; alleviate <poverty, need>

    mildernde Umstände — (Rechtsw.) mitigating circumstances

    2.
    reflexives Verb < anger, rage, agitation> abate
    * * *
    A. v/t (Schmerz) soothe, ease, alleviate; (Urteil) moderate; (Strafe) reduce; (Aussage etc) qualify; (Wirkung etc) reduce, soften;
    mildernde Umstände JUR extenuating ( oder mitigating) circumstances
    B. v/r Schmerz: ease; Emotionen: cool off; Wetter: turn milder
    * * *
    1.
    transitives Verb moderate <criticism, judgement>; mitigate < punishment>; soothe < anger>; reduce <intensity, strength, effect>; modify < impression>; ease, soothe, relieve < pain>; alleviate <poverty, need>

    mildernde Umstände — (Rechtsw.) mitigating circumstances

    2.
    reflexives Verb <anger, rage, agitation> abate
    * * *
    adj.
    mellow adj. v.
    to alleviate v.
    to mitigate v.
    to mollify v.
    to soften v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > mildern

  • 12 streng

    gut, hard, harsh, rigid, rigour, severe, sharp, stern, stiff, strict, string, stringent
    * * *
    I. (en -e)
    ( violinstreng, klaverstreng, buestreng etc) string;
    ( klokkestreng) bellpull;
    ( i snor) strand;
    [ anslå en streng] touch a string,
    (fig) strike a chord;
    [ anslå de velkendte strenge] strike a familiar chord;
    [ have flere strenge på sin bue] have two strings to one's bow;
    [ spille på de patriotiske strenge] touch patriotic chords.
    II. adj
    ( ubøjelig, ufravigelig) strict ( fx justice, orders, rules, discipline, schoolmaster, neutrality),
    ( stærkere, F) stringent ( fx controls, laws);
    ( hård, ublid) hard ( fx discipline, father, master, life, times, work),
    ( stærkere, især om handling) severe ( fx criticism, father, judge, laws, look, measures, punishment, test),
    F rigorous ( fx discipline, peace terms, punishment);
    (T: anstrengende etc) stiff ( fx climb, examination; it's a bit stiff!);
    ( barsk af væsen, udseende) stern ( fx man, look);
    ( om levevis, F) austere ( fx Puritan, life, morals);
    ( om vejrlig) hard ( fx frost, winter),
    ( stærkere) severe ( fx cold);
    F austere;
    [ streng faste] a strict (el. rigid) fast;
    [ i strengeste forstand] in the strictest sense of the word;
    (se også bevogtning, diæt);
    [ streng over for] strict with, severe with, hard on;
    (se også strengt).

    Danish-English dictionary > streng

  • 13 प्रति _prati

    प्रति ind.
    1 As a prefix to verbs it means (a) towards, in the direction of; (b) back, in return, again; तष्ठेदानीं न मे जीवन् प्रतियास्यसि दुर्मते Rām.7.18.13; (c) in opposition to, against, counter; (d) upon, down upon; (see the several roots with this preposition).
    -2 As a prefix to nouns not directly derived from verbs it means (a) likeness, resemblance, equality; (b) opposite, of the opposite side; प्रतिबल Ve.3.5. 'the opposing force'; so प्रतिद्विपाः Mu.2.13; (c) rivalry; as in प्रतिचन्द्रः 'a rival moon'; प्रतिपुरुषः &c.
    -3 As a separable preposition (with acc.) it means (a) towards, in the direction of, to; तौ दम्पती स्वां प्रति राजधानीं प्रस्थापयामास वशी वसिष्ठः R.2.7;1. 75; प्रत्यनिलं विचेरु Ku.3.31; वृक्षं प्रति विद्योतते विद्युत् Sk.; (b) against, counter, in opposition to, opposite; तदा यायाद् रिपुं प्रति Ms.7.171; प्रदुदुवुस्तं प्रति राक्षसेन्द्रम् Rām.; ययावजः प्रत्यरिसैन्यमेव R.7.55; (c) in comparison with, on a par with, in proportion to, a match for; त्वं सहस्राणि प्रति Ṛv.2.1.8; (d) near, in the vicinity of, by, at, in, on; समासेदुस्ततो गङ्गां शृङ्गवेरपुरं प्रति Rām.; गङ्गां प्रति; (e) at the time, about, during; आदित्यस्योदयं प्रति Mb; फाल्गुनं वाथ चैत्रं वा मासौ प्रति Ms.7.182; (f) on the side of, in favour of, to the lot of; यदत्र मां प्रति स्यात् Sk.; हरं प्रति हलाहलं (अभवत्) Vop.; (g) in each, in or at every, severally (used in a distributive sense); वर्षं प्रति, प्रतिवर्षम्; यज्ञं प्रति Y.1.11; वृक्षं वृक्षं प्रति सिञ्चति Sk.; (h) with regard or reference to, in relation to, regarding, concerning, about, as to; न हि मे संशीतिरस्या दिव्यतां प्रति K.132; चन्द्रोपरागं प्रति तु केनापि विप्रलब्धासि Mu.1; धर्मं प्रति Ś.5.18; मन्दौत्सुक्यो$स्मि नगरगमनं प्रति Ś.1; Ku.6.27; 7.83; त्वयैकमीशं प्रति साधु भाषितम् 5.81; Y.1.218; R.6. 12;1.29;12.51; (i) according to, in conformity with; मां प्रति in my opinion; (j) before, in the presence of; (k) for, on account of.
    -4 As a separable preposi- tion (with abl.) it means either (a) a representative of, in place of, instead of; प्रद्युम्नः कृष्णात् प्रति Sk.; संग्रामे यो नारायणतः प्रति Bk.8.89; or (b) in exchange or return for; तिलेभ्यः प्रति यच्छति माषान् Sk.; भक्तेः प्रत्यमृतं शंभोः Vop.
    -5 As the first member of Avyayībhāva compound it usually means (a) in or at every; as प्रतिसंवत्सरम् 'every year', प्रतिक्षणम्, प्रत्यहम् &c.; (b) towards, in the direction of; प्रत्यग्नि शलभा डयन्ते.
    -6 प्रति is sometimes used as the last member of Avyayī. comp. in the sense of 'a little'; सूपप्रति, शाकप्रति. [ Note:-- In the com- pounds given below all words the second members of which are words not immediately connected with verbs, are included; other words will be found in their proper places.]
    -Comp. -अंशम् ind. on the shoulders.
    -अक्षरम् ind. in every syllable or letter; प्रत्यक्षरश्लेषमयप्रबन्ध Vās.
    -अग्नि ind. towards the fire.
    -अग्र = प्रत्यग्र q. v.
    -अङ्गम् 1 a secondary or minor limb (of the body), as the nose.
    -2 a division, chapter, section.
    -3 every limb.
    -4 a weapon. (
    -ङ्गम्) ind.
    1 on or at every limb of the body; as in प्रत्यङ्ग- मालिङ्गितः Gīt.1.
    -2 for every subdivision.
    -3 in each case (in grammar).
    -अधिदेवता a tutelary deity who stays in front or near one; Hch.
    -अधिष्ठानम्, -आधानम् the principal place of residence; Bṛi. Up.2.2.1.
    -2 repository.
    -अनन्तर a.
    1 being in immediate neigh- bourhood; दानमानादिसत्कारैः कुरुष्व प्रत्यनन्तरम् Rām.4.15.27. (com. प्रत्यनन्तरं स्वाधीनम्).
    -2 standing nearest (as an heir).
    -3 immediately following, closely connected with; जीवेत् क्षत्रियधर्मेण स ह्यस्य (ब्राह्मणस्य) प्रत्यनन्तरः; Ms.1. 82;8.185. (
    -रम्) ind.
    1 immediately after.
    -2 next in succession.
    -रीभू to betake oneself close to; P. R.
    -अनिलम् ind. towards or against the wind.
    -अनीक a
    1 hostile, opposed, inimical.
    -2 resisting, opposing.
    -3 opposite.
    -4 equal, vying with. (
    -कः) an enemy.
    (-कम्) 1 hostility, enmity, hostile attitude or position; न शक्ताः प्रत्यनीकेषु स्थातुं मम सुरासुराः Rām.
    -2 a hostile army; यस्य शूरा महेष्वासाः प्रत्यनीकगता रणे Mb.; ये$वस्थिताः प्रत्यनीकेषु योधाः Bg.11.32. (प्र˚ may have here sense 1 also).
    -3 (in Rhet.) a figure of speech in which one tries to injure a person or thing connected with an enemy who himself cannot be injured; प्रतिपक्षमशक्तेन प्रतिकर्तुं तिरस्क्रिया । या तदीयस्य तत्स्तुत्यै प्रत्यनीकं तदुच्यते K. P.1.
    -अनुप्रासः a kind of alliteration.
    -अनुमानम् an opposite conclusion.
    -अन्त a. contiguous, lying close to, adjacent, bordering.
    (-न्तः) 1 a border, frontier; स गुप्तमूलप्रत्यन्तः R.4.26.
    -2 a bordering country; especi- ally, a country occupied by barbarian or Mlechchhas. ˚देशः a bordering country. ˚पर्वतः an adjacent hill; पादाः प्रत्यन्तपर्वताः Ak.
    -अन्धकार a. spreading shadow; Buddh.
    -अपकारः retaliation, injury in return; शाम्येत् प्रत्यप- कारेण नोपकारेण दुर्जनः Ku.2.4.
    -अब्दम् ind. every year
    -अमित्र a. hostile. (
    -त्रः) an enemy. (
    -त्रम्) ind. towards as enemy.
    -अरिः 1 a well-matched opponent.
    -2 the 9th, 14th or 23rd asterism from the जन्मनक्षत्र.
    -3 a particular asterism; दारुणेषु च सर्वेषु प्रत्यरिं च विवर्जयेत् Mb.13.14.28 (com. प्रत्यरिं स्वनक्षत्राद् दिननक्षत्रं यावद् गणयित्वा नवभिर्भागे हृते पञ्चमी तारा प्रत्यरिः ।).
    -अर्कः a mock sun; parhelion.
    -अर्गलम् the rope by which a churning stick is moved.
    -अवयवम् ind.
    1 in every limb.
    -2 in every particular, in detail.
    1 lower, less honoured; पुरावरान् प्रत्यवरान् गरीयसः Mb.13.94.12.
    -2 very low or degrading, very insignificant; Ms.1.19.
    -अश्मन् m. red chalk.
    -अष्ठीला a kind of nervous disease.
    -अहम् ind. every day, daily; day by day; गिरिशमुपचचार प्रत्यहं सा सुकेशी Ku.1.6.
    -आकारः a scabbard, sheath.
    -आघातः 1 a counter-stroke.
    -2 reaction.
    -आचारः suitable conduct or behaviour.
    -आत्मम् ind. singly, severally.
    -आत्मक a. belonging to oneself.
    -आत्म्यम् similarity with oneself.
    -आत्मेन ind. after one's own image; स किंनरान् कुंपुरुषान् प्रत्यात्म्येना- सृजत् प्रभुः Bhāg.3.2.45.
    -आदित्यः a mock sun.
    -आरम्भः 1 recommencement, second beginning.
    -2 pro- hibition.
    -आर्द्र a. fresh.
    -आशा 1 hope, expectation; न यत्र प्रत्याशामनुपतति नो वा रहयति Māl.9.8.
    -2 trust, con- fidence.
    -आसङ्गः Connection, contact; अथ प्रत्यासङ्गः कमपि महिमानं वितरति Mv.1.12.
    -आस्वर 1 returning.
    -2 reflecting; Ch.Up.1.3.2.
    -आह्वयः echo, resonance; छाया प्रत्याह्वयाभासा ह्यसन्तो$प्यर्थकारिणः Bhāg.11.28.5.
    -उत्तरम् a reply, rejoinder.
    -उलूकः 1 a crow; मृत्युदूतः कपोतो$यमुलूकः कम्पयन्मनः । प्रत्युलूकश्च कुह्वानैरनिद्रौ शून्यमिच्छतः ॥ Bhāg.1.14.14.
    -2 a bird resembling an owl.
    -ऋचम् ind. in each Rik.
    -एक a. each, each one, every single one. (
    -कम्) ind.
    1 one at a time, severally; singly, in every one, to every one; oft. with the force of an adjective; विवेश दण्डकारण्यं प्रत्येकं च सतां मनः R.12.9. 'entered the mind of every good man'; 12.3;7.34; Ku.2.31.
    -एनस् m.
    1 an officer of justice (who punishes criminals); Bṛi. Up.4.3.7.
    -2 a heir responsible for the debts of the deceased; surety.
    -कञ्चुकः 1 an adversary.
    -2 a critic.
    -कण्ठम् ind.
    1 severally, one by one.
    -2 near the throat.
    -कलम् ind. constantly, perpetually.
    -कश a. not obeying the whip.
    -कष्ट a. comparatively bad.
    -कामिनी a female rival; Śi.
    -कायः 1 an effigy, image, picture, likeness.
    -2 an adversary; स वृषध्वजसायकावभिन्नं जयहेतुः प्रतिकाय- मेषणीयम् Ki.13.28.
    -3 a target, butt, mark.
    -कितवः an opponent in a game.
    -कुञ्जरः a hostile elephant.
    -कूपः a moat, ditch.
    -कूल a.
    1 unfavourable, adverse, contrary, hostile, opposite, प्रतिकूलतामुपगते हि विधौ विफलत्व- मेति बहुसाधनता Śi.9.6; Ku.3.24.
    -2 harsh, discordant. unpleasant, disagreeable; अप्यन्नपुष्टा प्रतिकूलशब्दा Ku.1. 45.
    -3 inauspicious.
    -4 contradictory.
    -5 reverse, inverted.
    -6 perverse, cross, peevish, stubborn. ˚आचार- णम्, ˚आचरितम् any offensive or hostile action or conduct; प्रतिकूलाचरितं क्षमख मे R.8.81. ˚उक्तम्, -क्तिः f. a contra- diction. ˚कारिन्, -कृत, -चारिन्, -वत्ति a. opposing. ˚दर्शन a. having an inauspicious or ungracious appearance. ˚प्रवर्तिन्, -वर्तिन् a. acting adversely, taking an adverse course. ˚भाषिन् a. opposing, contradicting. ˚वचनम् dis- agreeable or unpleasant speech. ˚वादः contradiction. (प्रतिकूलता, -त्वम् adverseness, opposition, hostility. प्रति- कूलयति 'to oppose'.).
    -कूल ind.
    1 adversely, contrarily.
    -2 inversely, in inverted order.
    -कूलय Den. P. to resist, oppose.
    -कूलिक a. hostile, inimical.
    -क्षणम् ind. at every moment or instant, constantly; प्रतिक्षणं संभ्रमलोलदृष्टि- र्लीलारविन्देन निवारयन्ती Ku.3.56.
    -क्षपम् ind. everynight.
    -गजः a hostile elephant
    -गात्रम् ind. in very limb.
    -गिरिः 1 an opposite mountain.
    -2 an inferior mountain.
    -गृहम्, -गेहम् ind. in every house.
    -ग्रामम् ind. in every village.
    -चक्रम् a hostile army.
    -चन्द्रः a mock moon; paraselene.
    -चरणम् ind.
    1 in every (Vedic) school or branch.
    -2 at every foot-step.
    -छाया, -यिका 1 a reflected image, reflection, shadow; रूपं प्रतिच्छायिक- योपनीतम् N.6.45.
    -2 an image, picture.
    -जङ्घा the forepart of the leg.
    -जिह्वा, -जिह्विका the soft palate,
    -तन्त्रम् ind. according to each Tantra or opinion.
    -तन्त्र- सिद्धान्तः a conclusion adopted by one of the disputants only; (वादिप्रतिवाद्येकतरमात्राभ्युपगतः).
    -त्र्यहम् ind. for three days at a time.
    -दण्ड a. Ved. disobedient.
    -दिनम् ind. every day; राशीभूतः प्रतिदिनमिव त्र्यम्बकस्याट्टहासः Me.6.
    -दिशम् ind. in every direction, all round, every- where.
    -दूतः a messenger sent in return.
    -देवता a corresponding deity; गताः कलाः पञ्चदश प्रतिष्ठा देवाश्च सर्वे प्रतिदेवतासु Muṇḍa.3.2.7.
    -देशम् ind. in every country.
    -देहम् ind. in every body.
    -दैवतम् ind. for every deity.
    -द्वन्द्वः 1 an antagonist, opponent, adversary, rival.
    -2 an enemy. (
    -द्वम्) opposition, hostility.
    -द्वन्द्विन् a.
    1 hostile, inimical.
    -2 adverse (प्रतिकूल); कृतान्तदुर्वृत्त इवापरेषां पुरः प्रतिद्वन्द्विनि पाण्डवास्त्रे Ki.16.29.
    -3 rivalling, vying with; किसलयोद्भेदप्रतिद्वन्दिभिः (करतलैः) Ś.4.5. (-m.) an opponent, adversary, rival; तुल्यप्रति- द्वन्द्वि बभूव युद्धम् R.7.37.;15.25.
    -द्वारम् ind. at every gate.
    -धुरः a horse harnessed by the side of another.
    -नप्तृ m. great-grandson, a son's grandson.
    -नव a.
    1 new, young, fresh.
    -2 newly blown budded; सान्ध्यं तेजः प्रतिनवजपापुष्परक्तं दधानः Me.38.
    -नाडी a branch-vein.
    -नायकः the adversary of the hero of any poetic com- position; धीरोद्धतः पापकारी व्यसनी प्रतिनायकः S. D., as रावण in the Rāmāyaṇa, शिशुपाल in Māgha-Kāvya &c.
    -नारी, -पत्नी, -युवतिः a female rival; Śi.7.45.
    -निनादः = प्रतिध्वनिः q. v.
    -न्यायम् ind. in inverted order; पुनः प्रतिन्यायं प्रतियोन्याद्रवति स्वप्नायैव Bṛi. Up.4.3.15.
    -पक्ष a. like, similar.
    (-क्षः) 1 the opposite side, party or faction, hostility; विमृश्य पक्षप्रतिपक्षाभ्यामवधारणं नियमः Gaut. S,
    -2 an adversary, enemy, foe, rival; प्रति- पक्षकामिनी, -लक्ष्मी 'a rival wife'; Bv.2.64; दासीकृतायाः प्रति- पक्षलक्ष्याः Vikr.1.73; प्रतिपक्षमशक्तेन प्रतिकर्तुम् K. P.1; Vikr.1.7; often used in comp. in the sense of 'equal' or 'similar'.
    -3 remedy, expiation; यादवस्य पापस्य प्रतिपक्षमुपदिशामि Nāg.5.
    -4 a defendant or respondent (in law). ˚ता
    1 hostility, opposition.
    -2 obstacle.
    -पक्षित a.
    1 containing a contradiction.
    -2 nullified by a contradictory premise; (as a hetu in न्याय); cf. सत्प्रतिपक्ष.
    -पक्षिन् m. an opponent, adversary.
    -पण्यम् merchandise in exchange; Buddh.
    -प्रथम् ind. along the road, towards the way; प्रतिपथगतिरासीद् वेगदीर्घीकृताङ्गः Ku.3.76.
    -पदम् ind.
    1 at evry stop.
    -2 at every place, everywhere.
    -3 expressly.
    -4 in every word; प्रतिपदाख्याने तु गौरवं परिहरद्भिर्वृत्तिकारैः सर्वसामान्यः शब्दः प्रति- गृहीतः प्रकृतिवदिति ŚB. on MS.8.1.2.
    -पल्लवः an opposite or outstretched branch; R.
    -पाणः 1 a stake.
    -2 a counter-pledge.
    -3 a counter-stake; Mb.3.
    -पादम् ind. in each quarter.
    -पात्रम् ind. with regard to each part, of each character; प्रतिपात्रमाधीयतां यत्नः Ś.1 'let care be taken of each character'.
    -पादपम् ind. in every tree.
    -पाप a. returning sin for sin, requiting evil for evil.
    -पु(पू)रुषः 1 a like or similar man.
    -2 a substitute, deputy.
    -3 a companion.
    -4 the effigy of a man pushed by thieves into the interior of a house before entering it themselves (to ascertain if any body is awake).
    -5 an effigy in general. (
    -षम्) ind. man by man, for each man.
    -पुस्तकम् a copy of an original manuscript.
    -पूर्वाह्णम् ind. every forenoon.
    -प्रति a. counter-balancing, equal to.
    -प्रभातम् ind. every morning.
    -प्रसवः 1 (As opposed to अनुप्रसव) tracing causes back to the origin as -- a pot, a lump of mud, mud, clay, Pātañjala Yogadarśana.
    -2 Negation of (or exception to) a negation. The force of a प्रतिप्रसव is positive, limiting as it does the scope of a प्रतिषेध or negation. Hence it is just the opposite of परिसंख्या whose force is negative or exclusive since it limits the scope of a positive statement. प्रतिप्रसवो$यं न परिसंख्या ŚB. on MS.1.7.45.
    -प्रकारः an outer wall or rampart.
    -प्रियम् a kindness or service in return; प्रतिप्रियं चेद् भवतो न कुर्यां वृथा हि मे स्यात् स्वपदोपलब्धिः R.5.56.
    -बन्धुः an equal in rank or station; Mb.5.121.13.
    -बलः a.
    1 able, powerful.
    -2 equal in strength, equally matched or powerful.
    (-लम्) 1 a hostile army; अस्त्रज्वालावलीढप्रतिबलजलधेरन्तरौर्वायमाणे Ve.3.7.
    -2 strength.
    -बाहु 1 the forepart of the arm.
    -2 an opposite side (in a square or polygon).
    -बि (वि) म्बः, -म्बम् 1 a reflection, reflected image; ज्योतिषां प्रतिबिम्बानि प्राप्नु- वन्त्युपहारताम् Ku.6.42; Śi.9.18.
    -2 an image, a picture.
    -बीजम् a rotten seed.
    -भट a. vying with, rivalling; घटप्रतिभटस्तनि N.13.5.
    (-टः) 1 a rival, an opponent; निवासः कन्दर्पप्रतिभटजटाजूटभवने G. L.21.
    -2 a warrior on the opposite side; समालोक्याजौ त्वां विदधति विकल्पान् प्रतिभटाः K. P.1.
    -भय a.
    1 fearful, formidable, terrible, frightful.
    -2 dangerous; स्वगृहोद्यानगते$पि स्निग्धैः पापं विशङ्क्यते मोहात् । किमु दृष्टबह्वपायप्रतिभयकान्तारमध्यस्थे ॥ Pt.2.171; Nāg.5.1.; Bhāg.1.6.14. (
    -यम्) a danger; सुनन्द, श्रुतं मया संनिहितगरुडप्रतिभयमुद्देशं जामाता जीमूतवाहनो गतः Nāg.5.
    -भैरव a. dreadful.
    -मञ्चः a kind of measure (in music.)
    -मञ्चाः Platforms opposite to each other; दशभागिकौ द्वौ प्रतिमञ्चौ Kau. A.2.3.21.
    -मण्डलम् 1 a secondary disc (of the sun &c.).
    -2 an eccentric orbit.
    -मन्दिरम् ind. in every house.
    -मल्लः an antagonist, a rival; उपेयिवांसं प्रतिमल्लतां रयस्मये जितस्य प्रसभं गरुत्मतः N.1.63; पातालप्रतिमल्लगल्ल &c. Māl.5.22.
    -मानना worship (पूजा); स्पर्शमशुचिवपुरर्हति न प्रतिमाननां तु नितरां नृपोचिताम् Śi.15.35.
    -माया a counter-spell or charm; प्रतिमाया कृतं च तत् Mb.1.34.22.
    -मार्गः the way back; Mb.4.
    -मार्गम् ind. back, back- wards.
    -माला capping verses (Mar. भंडी).
    -मासम् ind. every month, monthly.
    -मित्रम् an enemy, adversary.
    -मुख a. standing before the face, facing; प्रतिमुखागत Ms.8.291.
    -2 near, present. (
    -खम्) a secondary plot or incident in a drama which tends either to hasten or retard the catastrophe; see S. D.334 and 351-364. (
    -खम्) ind.
    1 towards.
    -2 in front, before.
    -मुखरी a particular mode of drumming.
    -मुद्रा 1 a counter- seal.
    -2 the impression of a seal.
    -मुहूर्तम् ind. every moment.
    -मूर्तिः f. an image, a likeness.
    -मूषिका f. a musk-rat (Mar. चिचुंदरी).
    -यूथपः the leader of a hostile herd of elephants.
    -रथः an adversary in war (lit. in fighting in a war-chariot); दौष्यन्तिमप्रतिरथं तनयं निवेश्य Ś.4.2.
    -रथ्यम् in every road; अस्मिन् नगरे प्रतिरथ्यं भुजङ्गबद्धसंचारे Udb.
    -रवः, -ध्वनिः 1 an echo; प्रतिरवविततो वनानि चक्रे Ki.1.4.
    -2 quarrel; controversy.
    -3 (Ved.) life (प्राण).
    -रसितम् an echo; केनास्मत् सिंह- नादप्रतिरसितसखो दुन्दुभिस्ताड्यते$यम् Ve.1.22.
    -राजः a hostile king.
    -रात्रम् ind. every night.
    -रूप a.
    1 corresponding, similar, having a counter-part in; अग्निर्यथैको भुवनं प्रविष्टो रूपं रूपं प्रतिरूपो बभूव Kaṭh.2.2.9.
    -2 beautiful.
    -3 suitable, proper; इदं न प्रतिरूपं ते स्त्रीष्वदाक्षिण्यमीदृशम् Bu. Ch.4.66; आत्मनः प्रतिरूपं सा बभाषे चारुहासिनी Rām.4. 19.17.
    -4 facing (अभिमुख); प्रतिरूपं जनं कुर्यान्न चेत् तद् वर्तते यथा Mb.12.97.16 (com. प्रतिरूपं युद्धाभिमुखम्).
    (-पम्) 1 a picture, an image, a likeness.
    -2 a mirror-like reflecting object; अदर्शनं स्वशिरसः प्रतिरूपे च सत्यपि Bhāg. 1.42.28.
    -4 an object of comparison (उपमान); भवान्मे खलु भक्तानां सर्वेषां प्रतिरूपधृक् Bhāg.7.1.21.
    -रूपक a. resembling, similar (at the end of comp.); जहीमान् राक्षसान् पापानात्मनः प्रतिरूपकान् Mb.3.29.11; चेष्टाप्रतिरूपिका मनोवृत्तिः Ś.1.
    (-कम्) 1 a picture, an image; अग्निदैर्गर- दैश्चैव प्रतिरूपककारकैः Mb.12.59.49.
    -2 a forged edict; जर्जरं चास्य विषयं कुर्वन्ति प्रतिरूपकैः Mb.12.56.52.
    -3 a reflec- tion.
    -लक्षणम् a mark, sign, token.
    -लिपिः f. a tran- script, a written copy.
    -लेखः a writ of reply; प्रावृत्तिकश्च प्रतिलेख एव Kau. A.2.1.28.
    -लोम a.
    1 'against the hair or grain', contray to the natural order, inverted, reverse (opp. अनुलोम); नववर्षसहस्राक्षः प्रतिलोमो$भवद् गुरुः Bhāg.12.14.15.
    -2 contrary to caste (said of the issue of a woman who is of a higher caste than her husband).
    -3 hostile.
    -4 low, vile, base.
    -5 left (वाम).
    -6 obstinate, perverse; अपरिचितस्यापि ते$प्रतिलोमः संवृत्तः Ś.7.
    -7 disagreeable, unpleasant. (
    -मम्) any injurious or unpleasant act. (
    -मम्) ind. 'against the hair or grain', inversely, invertedly. ˚ज a. born in the inverse order of the castes; i. e. born of a mother who is of a higher caste than the father; cf. Ms.1.16,25.
    -लोमक a. reverse, inverted; राजन्यविप्रयोः कस्माद् विवाहः प्रतिलोमकः Bhāg.9.18.5.
    -कम् inverted order.
    -लोमतः ind.
    1 in consequence of the inverted order or course; Ms.1.68.
    -2 in an unfriendly manner; यदा बहुविधां वृद्धिं मन्येत प्रतिलोमतः Mb.12.13.39.
    -वत्सरम् ind. every year.
    -वनम् ind. in every forest.
    -वर्णिक a. similar, corresponding.
    -वर्धिन् a. being a match for.
    -वर्षम् ind. every year.
    -वस्तु n.
    1 an equivalent, a counter- part.
    -2 anything given in return.
    -3 a parallel. ˚उपमा a figure of speech thus defined by Mammaṭa:-- प्रतिवस्तूपमा तु सा ॥ सामान्यस्य द्विरेकस्य यत्र वाक्यद्वये स्थितिः । K. P.1; e. g. तापेन भ्राजते सूर्यः शूरश्चापेन राजते Chandr.5. 48.
    -वातः a contrary wind; प्रतिवाते$नुवाते च नासीत गुरुणा सह Ms.2.23. (
    -तम्) ind. against the wind; चीनांशुक- मिव केतोः प्रतिवातं नीयमानस्य Ś.1.33.
    -वारणः a hostile elephant.
    -वासरम् ind. every day.
    -विटपम् ind.
    1 on every branch.
    -2 branch by branch.
    -विषम् an anti- dote. (
    -षा) a birch tree.
    -विष्णुकः a Muchakunda tree.
    -वीरः an opponent, antagonist.
    -वीर्यम् being equal to or a match for.
    -वृषः a hostile bull.
    -वेलम् ind. at each time, on every occasion.
    -वेशः 1 a neighbouring house, neighbourhood.
    -2 a neighbour.
    -वेशिन् a. a neigh- bour; दृष्ट्वा प्रभातसमये प्रतिवेशिवर्गः Mk.3.14.
    -वेश्मन् n. a neighbour's house.
    -वेश्यः a neighbour.
    -वैरम् re- quital of hostilities revenge.
    -शब्दः 1 echo, reverbera- tion; वसुधाधरकन्दराभिसर्पी प्रतिशब्दो$पि हरेर्भिनत्ति नागान् V. 1.16; Ku.6.64; R.2.28.
    -2 a roar.
    -शशिन् m. a mock-moon.
    -शाखम् ind. for every branch or school (of the Veda).
    -शाखा a side-branch; महाभूतविशेषश्च विशेषप्रतिशाखवान् Mb.14.35.21.
    -संवत्सरम् ind. every year.
    -सङ्गक्षिका 1 a cloak to keep off the dust; Buddh.
    -संदेशः a reply to the message; दर्पसारस्य प्रति- संदेशमावेदयत् D. K.2.1.
    -सम a. equal to, a match for.
    -सव्य a. in an inverted order.
    -सामन्तः an enemy.
    -सायम् ind. every evening.
    -सूर्यः, -सूर्यकः 1 a mock-sun.
    -2 a lizard, chameleon; 'कृकलासस्तु सरटः प्रतिसूर्यः शयानकः ।' Hemchandra; तृष्यद्भिः प्रतिसूर्यकैरजगरस्वेदद्रवः पीयते U.2.16.
    -सेना, सैन्यम् a hostile army; निहतां प्रतिसैन्येन वडवामिव पातिताम् Rām.2.114.17.
    -स्थानम् ind. in every place, everywhere.
    -स्मृतिः N. of parti- cular kind of magic; गृहाणेमां मया प्रोक्तां सिद्धिं मूर्तिमतीमिव । विद्यां प्रतिस्मृतिं नाम Mb.3.36.3.
    -स्रोतस् ind. against the stream; सरस्वतीं प्रतिस्रोतं ययौ ब्राह्मणसंवृतः Bhāg.1.78. 18. -a. going against the stream; अथासाद्य तु कालिन्दी प्रतिस्रोतः समागताम् Rām.2.55.5.
    -हस्तः, -हस्तकः a deputy, an agent, substitute, proxy; आश्रितानां भृतौ स्वामिसेवायां धर्मसेवने । पुत्रस्योत्पादने चैव न सन्ति प्रतिहस्तकाः ॥ H.2.33.
    -हस्तीकृ to take; Pratijñā 3.
    -हस्तिन् the keeper of a brothel; Dk.2.2.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > प्रति _prati

  • 14 lassù

    up there
    * * *
    lassù avv.
    1 up there; (al piano di sopra) upstairs: mi piacerebbe arrivare lassù sulla montagna, I'd like to climb up there on the mountain; lassù gli inverni sono rigidi, up there the winters are harsh // di lassù si vede il mare, from up there you can see the sea
    2 (fig. fam.) (in cielo) up there, (up) above: aspettiamo la giustizia di lassù, we are awaiting justice from on high; saremo uniti lassù, we shall be united up above.
    * * *
    [las'su]
    avverbio up there; (in cielo, in paradiso) up above
    * * *
    lassù
    /las'su/
    up there; (in cielo, in paradiso) up above; lassù qualcuno mi ama somebody up there likes me.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > lassù

  • 15 закон

    юр.
    law; (акт) act, statute

    вводить законы — to make / to introduce laws

    вводить закон в действие — to enact / to implement the law, to put the law into effect / operation

    вступать в силу как закон — to become law, to enter in force

    вступить в противоречие с законом — to come into conflict with law, to contradict the law

    изымать из-под действия закона — to except from operation of the law, to exempt

    нарушать закон — to break / to infringe / to contravene / to violate / to disobey a law

    издать закон — to make / to issue a law обнародовать закон to promulgate / to issue the law

    обходить закон — to evade the law, to go beyond the law

    отменять закон — to abrogate / to annul / to repeal an act / a law, to abate a law

    преступать закон — to transgress / to violate / to break the law

    принимать закон — to adopt / to pass legislation / a law

    соблюдать закон — to follow / to observe / to abide by / to comply with the law

    устанавливать законом — to establish by decree / law

    эти законы скорее разрешают, чем предписывают — these laws are permissive rather than mandatory

    соответствующий закону, установленный законом — statutory

    действующие законы — laws in force / vigour, active laws

    драконовские законы — Draconic / harsh / rigorous laws

    избирательный закон — election / electoral law

    неписаный закон — imperscriptible law / right, unwritten code / law

    непреложный закон — indefeasible law, unalterable law

    основной закон — fundamental / basic law

    введение закона в силу, принятие закона — enactment

    законы об охоте — hunting / game laws

    закон о пэрстве (1963 г., предоставляет право пэрам на отказ от титула, что даёт им возможность баллотироваться в палату общин, Великобритания) — Peerage Act

    закон об обороне — defence act, act of defence

    закон об образовании новой "территории" или превращении "территории" в штат (США) — organic act

    нарушение закона — offence against the law, breach / contravention / infringement / transgression / violation of the law

    в нарушение законов — in contravention / violation of the law

    несоблюдение / неисполнение законов — failure to comply with the laws

    отмена закона — abrogation / repeal of the law

    подписание закона (президентом, королём) — enactment

    постановляющая часть / преамбула закона — enacting clause

    свод законов — code, code of laws, statute book; corpus juris лат.

    вопреки закону — against / contrary / in spite of the law, unlawfully

    в рамках (наших) законов — within the framework of (our) laws

    Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > закон

  • 16 расправа расправ·а

    violence, reprisals

    жестокая расправа — savage reprisals, harsh treatment

    кровавая расправа — carnage, massacre, butchery, slaughter

    Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > расправа расправ·а

  • 17 injustum

    I.
    In gen., unsuitable, oppressive, excessive (rare):

    onus ( = immodicum),

    Cic. Or. 10, 35:

    faenus,

    Liv. 42, 5:

    injustis collatum viribus hostem,

    unequal, Stat. Th. 6, 774.—
    II.
    In partic., unjust, wrongful:

    vir maleficus naturā et injustus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 57; id. Fl. 38, 97:

    noverca,

    harsh, severe, Verg. E. 3, 33:

    homine imperito numquam quidquam injustius,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 18:

    emori, ne aliquid faciat injustum,

    Lact. 5, 13, 15:

    Samnites Sidicinis injusta arma cum intulissent,

    Liv. 7, 29, 4:

    injusto carpere dente,

    with envious, malicious tooth, Ov. P. 3, 4, 73:

    mare,

    id. Am. 2, 11, 12:

    iracundia,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 50, 203:

    id quam injustum in patriam... esset, non videbat,

    id. Off. 3, 21, 82:

    injustissima atque acerbissima incommoda,

    id. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

    injustaque regna tenebat,

    unjustly gotten, Ov. M. 5, 277.— Subst.: injustum, i, n., injustice:

    jura inventa metu injusti fateare necesse est,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 111. — Adv.: injustē.
    1.
    In gen., i. q. injuriā, wrongfully, unfairly:

    morbus non injuste terret,

    not without cause, Cels. 7, 3.—
    2.
    In partic., unjustly:

    imperare alicui,

    Plaut. Capt 2, 2, 58: in aliquem dicere, id. Bacch. 3, 3, 59:

    facis injuste si putas, etc.,

    Cic. Fl. 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 7, 23; 3, 21, 84 al.:

    male et injuste facere,

    Nep. Them. 7 fin. — Sup.:

    injustissime,

    Sall. J. 85, 43.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > injustum

  • 18 injustus

    I.
    In gen., unsuitable, oppressive, excessive (rare):

    onus ( = immodicum),

    Cic. Or. 10, 35:

    faenus,

    Liv. 42, 5:

    injustis collatum viribus hostem,

    unequal, Stat. Th. 6, 774.—
    II.
    In partic., unjust, wrongful:

    vir maleficus naturā et injustus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 57; id. Fl. 38, 97:

    noverca,

    harsh, severe, Verg. E. 3, 33:

    homine imperito numquam quidquam injustius,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 18:

    emori, ne aliquid faciat injustum,

    Lact. 5, 13, 15:

    Samnites Sidicinis injusta arma cum intulissent,

    Liv. 7, 29, 4:

    injusto carpere dente,

    with envious, malicious tooth, Ov. P. 3, 4, 73:

    mare,

    id. Am. 2, 11, 12:

    iracundia,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 50, 203:

    id quam injustum in patriam... esset, non videbat,

    id. Off. 3, 21, 82:

    injustissima atque acerbissima incommoda,

    id. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

    injustaque regna tenebat,

    unjustly gotten, Ov. M. 5, 277.— Subst.: injustum, i, n., injustice:

    jura inventa metu injusti fateare necesse est,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 111. — Adv.: injustē.
    1.
    In gen., i. q. injuriā, wrongfully, unfairly:

    morbus non injuste terret,

    not without cause, Cels. 7, 3.—
    2.
    In partic., unjustly:

    imperare alicui,

    Plaut. Capt 2, 2, 58: in aliquem dicere, id. Bacch. 3, 3, 59:

    facis injuste si putas, etc.,

    Cic. Fl. 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 7, 23; 3, 21, 84 al.:

    male et injuste facere,

    Nep. Them. 7 fin. — Sup.:

    injustissime,

    Sall. J. 85, 43.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > injustus

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